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单词 agglutinate
释义

agglutinateadj.n.

Brit. /əˈɡluːtᵻnət/, U.S. /əˈɡlutn̩ət/
Forms: 1500s agglutynate, 1500s aglutinate, 1800s– agglutinate.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: Latin agglūtinātus, agglūtināre.
Etymology: < classical Latin agglūtinātus, past participle of agglūtināre agglutinate v. Originally (in quot. ?1541) after Middle French agglutiné (French agglutiné ), use as adjective of past participle of agglutiner agglutinate v. Compare later agglutinate v., agglutinated adj. N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (ăgliū·tinĕt) /əˈɡl(j)uːtɪnət/.
A. adj.
1. Medicine. Subjected to agglutination (agglutination n. 1). Obsolete. rare.Used as past participle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [adjective] > closely, intimately, or permanently joined > cohesive
conglutinate1531
agglutinate?1541
conglutinated1552
tenacious1607
cohesive1727
?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Dj, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens Is it possyble..that an vlcere caued may growe togyther and be agglutynate [Fr. et estre agglutiné] before that the cauyte be replete with flesshe?
1564 P. Moore Hope of Health v. f. ixv That iuyse whiche is drawen to any member and retained there, is digested, altered, and chaunged into another substaunce, and by the same power also it is aglutinate and ioyned to the member whiche is to be nourished.
2. Linguistics. = agglutinative adj. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [adjective] > compound > agglutinated
parathetic1837
agglutinate1845
1845 Lit. Gaz. 27 Dec. 859/1 We here find what that profound inquirer sets down as a principal characteristic of an agglutinate language, namely, that instead of changes of the terminations, prefixes prevail, which never blend so completely as suffixes with the radical word.
1850 R. G. Latham Nat. Hist. Varieties Man 14 Languages, with an agglutinate, rarely an amalgamate inflexion.
1871 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue v. 222 These agglutinate forms, including such as ichave, hastow, wiltu,..wenestu, &c.
1892 N. Amer. Rev. 155 71 An agglutinate language of the type usually known as Turanian.
1935 Rep. Cambr. Anthropol. Exped. to Torres Straits III. i. 53 The language of the Eastern Islanders of Torres Straits is in the agglutinate stage, but the significant roots and modifying particles are not so clearly distinguishable as in the language of the Western Islanders.
1996 A. Hyde-Price Internat. Politics East Central Europe ii. 29 They were of Finno-Ugric descent, and had an agglutinate language that was utterly incomprehensible to the Slavs around them.
3. = agglutinated adj. 2.
ΚΠ
1854 J. W. Griffith & A. Henfrey Micrographic Dict. (1856) 114/2 at Calymperaceæ A delicate membrane agglutinate to the teeth.
1895 H. H. Rusby in H. H. Rusby & S. E. Jelliffe Essent. Veg. Pharmacognosy i. 18/1 Sometimes the parts stand together, appearing as though coherent or agglutinate, but are neither.
1910 Proc. Washington Acad. Sci. 12 180 Separated from subfusca by the pruinose apothecia, the agglutinate paraphyses, and the granular epithecium.
1980 Flora Neotropica 22 11 Stamens indefinite; filaments linear to filiform, free or agglutinate.
2006 Rev. Palaeobot. & Palynol. 141 109/1 Tests may be calcareous, proteinaceous, or agglutinate.
B. n.
1. Medicine and Biology. The product of the reaction of an agglutinin and agglutinogen; a clump or mass of cells, organisms, or particles formed by agglutination (agglutination n. 7).
ΚΠ
1902 V. C. Vaughan & F. G. Novy Cellular Toxins (ed. 4) viii. 154 The product which results from the reaction between these bodies may be designated the agglutinate.
1950 R. R. Race & R. Sanger Blood Groups in Man iii. 34 Such points as..the shaking free of unagglutinated cells enmeshed in agglutinates are skilfully dealt with.
1978 Jrnl. Immunol. Methods 19 80 Inside the agglutinate, proteins have a tendency to form bridges.
2001 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 1809/1 Agglutinates of infected erythrocytes formed by antibodies or homotypic adhesion.
2. Geology. Rock consisting of coarse fragments of volcanic ejecta embedded in a glassy matrix or cemented together by a glassy material; a mass of rock of this kind. Cf. agglomerate n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > composite rock > [noun] > agglomerate
agglomerate1818
agglutinate1931
1931 G. W. Tyrrell Volcanoes ii. 66 When plastic scoriæ and blocks are ejected from a volcano, an accumulation of blocks resembling agglomerate may be formed by the coherence of the fragments as they solidify. The cement is then the thin glassy skin of the blocks at their points of contact. Such rocks may be called agglutinate, and may be distinguished from agglomerate by the presence of a glassy cement.
1973 Nature 7 Dec. 328/2 Smaller particles..aggregated into more complex grains, such as glass welded agglutinates.
1993 Jrnl. Petrol. 34 842 Along the west coast, reddish oxidized basalt and welded agglutinate form the remnants of volcanic necks.
2009 D. Mckay et al. in J. E. O'Connor et al. Volcanoes to Vineyards v. 101/2 At the rim and in the crater..there are outcrops of moderately welded agglutinate.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

agglutinatev.

Brit. /əˈɡluːtᵻneɪt/, U.S. /əˈɡlutnˌeɪt/
Forms: 1500s–1600s aglutinate, 1500s– agglutinate.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin agglūtināt-, agglūtināre.
Etymology: < classical Latin agglūtināt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix3) of agglūtināre to cause to adhere, to stick, glue, to fasten on < ag- , variant of ad- ad- prefix + glūtināre glutinate v. Compare Middle French aglutiner , Middle French, French agglutiner (14th cent.; 1863 in linguistics), Spanish aglutinar (1594), Portuguese aglutinar (1661 as †agglutinar ), Italian agglutinare (a1714); also German agglutinieren , †agglutiniren (1712 in medical context, 1822 in linguistics). Compare earlier agglutination n., agglutinate adj., agglutinative adj.In sense 4 probably after German agglutinieren, †agglutiniren (M. Gruber & H. E. Durham 1896, in Münchener med. Wochenschr. 31 Mar. 285/2); compare French agglutiner (also 1896 in similar use). N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (ăgliū·tineit) /əˈɡl(j)uːtɪneɪt/.
1.
a. transitive. To unite or fasten with or as with glue; to glue (together), cause to stick firmly, cement. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > join (together) [verb (transitive)] > join closely, intimately, or permanently > cause to cohere
belimeOE
to hold togethera1225
glue13..
cement1340
conglutinate1546
agglutinate1586
solder1601
coagment1603
glutinate1604
coagmentate1615
concement1628
to stick together1634
1586 T. Bright Treat. Melancholie xiii. 71 Sundrie actions being performed, as to attract,..agglutinate, &c.
1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 22/1 Take the Liver, and the Blather of a wild Swyn.., & put it in a pot, agglutinate the same, so close that noe ayre can passe through.
1640 G. Abbot Whole Bk. Iob Paraphr. xxxviii. 238 A house is built..by laying the foundations thereof with choice stones, choicely placed in the earth, and artificially agglutinated one to another.
1658 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica (ed. 3) ii. i. 41 It is also found in the veins of Minerals, sometimes agglutinated unto lead.
1757 tr. J. F. Henckel Pyritologia v. 87 On this sinter..we find glitter, iron and copper pyrites, not conveyed by streams of water, nor agglutinated, but weathered thereon, or produced by weather or damps.
1798 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 88 33 I could just agglutinate the powder into one mass.
1822 tr. C. Malte-Brun Universal Geogr. I. xi. 247 Sometimes the brèches..have been reduced to fragments, which, agglutinated by a new cement, have produced brèches composed anew, which have been called double brèches.
1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man App. 534 Conglomerates, in which shells or casts of them are agglutinated together with sand and pebbles.
1869 in Eng. Mech. 30 July 412/1 Alcohol..agglutinates copal.
1958 W. Willetts Chinese Art I. iv. 207 In reeling, several filaments are agglutinated and perhaps slightly twisted together, to make silk thread.
1985 J. Rosenblatt Escape from Glue Factory (1987) 46 Poverty doesn't link people together in mutual support; it agglutinates hatred, hatreds like barnacles attaching, each to another.
2010 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 1 Nov. 27 Demolishing our television pundits has become a kind of national sport, each shrill voice of distaste emboldening another, agglutinating these enclaves of discontent into an entire realm of revulsion.
b. intransitive. To become agglutinated.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > adhesive > admit of being fastened with adhesive [verb (intransitive)] > turn into glue
agglutinate1801
1801 W. Henry Epitome Chem. ii. 171 To enable the reduced particles of metal to agglutinate and form a collected mass..some fusible ingredient must be added.
1826 Franklin Jrnl. 2 103 Frequent shaking is of importance in making this, and many other varnishes, as the resin will otherwise agglutinate into one mass.
1869 in Eng. Mech. 30 July 412/1 Shellac, elemi, and mastic agglutinate [in boiling water].
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1410 Stirring them with a glass rod so that they agglutinate into small lumps.
2005 P. F. Hamilton Judas Unchained iii. 115 A fringe of mushy ice lapped slothfully against the rock all around the shoreline, never quite managing to agglutinate into a solid sheet.
2. Medicine.
a. transitive. To bring about the union of (a wound or its surfaces) by natural, medical, or surgical means; (also) to cause adhesion, or the formation of adhesions, between (parts or surfaces of the body). Also intransitive: to undergo such a union; to adhere. Cf. agglutination n. 1a. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > treatments uniting or replacing parts > unite or replace parts [verb (transitive)] > unite fractures, wounds, etc.
consoudec1400
consolid1483
solder1495
conglutine?1541
reconsolidate?1541
consolidate1563
agglutinate1589
solidate1657
splice1755
1589 J. Banister Antidotarie Chyrurg. 5 (heading) A blacke Balme confectionated of singular operation to agglutinate wounds.
1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. x. xxv. 382 The wound shall be agglutinated by this meanes, together with the use of fit medicines, pledgets, ligatures.
1678 J. Browne Compl. Disc. Wounds lvi. 263 Here are we first to stop the Flux of blood, and to prevent Inflammation by well regulating the whole Body, and to agglutinate the Wound with all convenient speed.
1703 J. Moyle Experienced Chirurgion iv. xxvii. 261 When the Wound is Agglutinated, you may cut out the stitches.
1743 tr. L. Heister Gen. Syst. Surg. I. 17 To agglutinate and heal wounds.
1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 513/2 This substance [sc. lymph], by agglutinating together the fibres and layers causes the hardness which is so perceptible on pressing the diseased part.
1872 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 1 June 580/2 The walls of pyogenic membranes, such as those of abscesses, sinuses, and the like, will often agglutinate when brought into firm and continued apposition.
1895 F. J. Thornbury tr. C. Schimmelbusch Guide Aseptic Treatm. Wounds 87 We may agglutinate the edges along the suture line with some non-irritating plaster, collodion, or, better, photoxylin.
1929 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 7 294/1 If any factor enters which prevents the formation of fibrillar fibrin a granular fibrin fills in the space and agglutinates the surfaces.
b. transitive. To adhere to and repair the loss of (body tissue); to cause (a drug, food, etc.) to do this. Occasionally also intransitive. Cf. agglutination n. 1b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations to heal or generate tissue > heal or generate tissue [verb (transitive)] > repair waste tissue
agglutinate1620
1620 T. Venner Via Recta v. 83 Egges..speedily and purely nourish..because of an aptnesse that they have in their substance to be assimilated, and agglutinated to the parts of the body.
1682 T. Gibson Anat. Humane Bodies vii. 252 So the salt and sulphureous particles being equally mixt, are agglutinated and assimilated to the fleshy or musculous parts.
1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 199 Moreover Sarcocol agglutinates Flesh.
1789 W. Merrick Classical Farrier (ed. 2) 297 As to the cure, whether there be only a great profusion of urine, or a flux of the blood, it is to be performed chiefly by medicines that strengthen and agglutinate.
3. transitive. To combine or join together simple words so as to express compound ideas; to compound. Now chiefly: (Linguistics) to attach by agglutination (occasionally intransitive).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > form words [verb (transitive)] > compound > agglutinate
agglutinize1815
agglutinate1830
1830 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk (1835) I. 121 The Ober-Deutsch [= High German] was fuller and fonder of agglutinating words together.
1883 Q. Rev. Jan. 186 [In Korean] There are..postpositional particles which, like the Japanese ‘teniwoha’, agglutinate themselves to nouns, verbs, and even sentences.
1885 W. D. Howells Indian Summer (1886) i. 4 The newspaper had agglutinated the titles of two of its predecessors, after the fashion of American journals.
1931 J. G. Frazer Garnered Sheaves i. vii. 195 Wherever a distinction of this sort is made in the substantives, it is made by agglutinating some sexual distinction to the noun.
1969 D. Parker Congresswomen in Aristophanes Four Comedies 96 Unhappily for the translator into English, his language will not agglutinate like Greek or German; a string of English nouns, however connected, remains a string of nouns.
1998 P. Ramat & D. Ricca in J. van der Auwera Adverbial Constr. in Langs. Europe iv. 239 Coming to the wider field of formations connected with ‘say’ or verbs of saying, we find—similarly to the case of ‘perhaps’—both items which agglutinate the complementizer.
4. transitive. Medicine and Biology. To cause agglutination of (cells, microorganisms, or particles) (see agglutination n. 7). Also intransitive: to cause or undergo agglutination.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > immunogenesis > [verb (transitive)] > cause agglutination
agglutinate1896
haemagglutinate1961
the world > life > biology > biological processes > immunogenesis > [verb (intransitive)] > agglutinate
agglutinate2006
1896 Lancet 2 May 1258/1 At the normal temperature the serum not only agglutinates the bacteria, but destroys them.
1910 Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. 21 65/2 In a number of cases (Group A) the serum agglutinates the corpuscles of another Group (B), not, however, those of Group A.
1950 Sci. News 15 106 In no case did the serum agglutinate the red cells which came from the same blood sample.
1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) ii. 134 Patients' sera contain a diagnostic IgM antibody called a heterophile agglutinin, capable of directly agglutinating sheep red cells.
2006 L. Collier & J. Oxford Human Virol. (ed. 3) xxxvi. 262/1 Latex particles are coated with viral antigen and agglutinate when mixed on a slide with specific antiserum.

Derivatives

aˈgglutinator n. an agglutinant; (in later use) spec. an agglutinin.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > agglutinin or agglutinogen > [noun]
agglutinator1736
agglutinin1896
agglutinogen1903
isoagglutinin1903
haemagglutinin1904
hetero-agglutinin1906
isohaemagglutinin1907
isoagglutinogen1926
the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood > components of blood > [noun] > agglutinin
agglutinator1736
agglutinin1896
isoagglutinin1903
hetero-agglutinin1906
isohaemagglutinin1907
1736 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis Index sig. Zz/1 Blood-spitting. Emuls. Hæmopt. Elect. Incrassans..and all Agglutinators, and cooling Restringents.
1883 A. Williams Min. Res. U.S. 344 I have found that sulphate of iron, the copperas of commerce, is the best agglutinator.
1902 Jrnl. Exper. Med. 17 Mar. 289 Ricin, a strong agglutinator.
2006 M. Boyle Wound Healing in Midwifery ii. 16 IgM..is an efficient first-level defence against bacteria, being an efficient agglutinator.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.n.?1541v.1586
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