castlen.

Brit.

/ˈkɑːsl/,

/ˈkasl/, U.S.

/ˈkæs(ə)l/, Irish English

/ˈkaːsl/,

/ˈkæsl/

Forms: Old English–1500s castel, (Middle English castill, caastel, kastell, castele, Middle English castelle), Middle English–1600s castell, (Middle English castylle, castille, caystelle), 1500s– castle.

Etymology: Taken into English at two different times: (1) before 1000, castel neuter (plural castel(l , castelu ), < Latin castellum in the Vulgate, rendering κώμη ‘village’ of the Greek; (2) c1050–1070castel (masculine) (plural castelas ) < Old Northern French castel (modern French château ) ‘castle’ < Latin castellum in sense ‘fort, fortress’. (Under the influence of this, castel village also became masculine by 12th cent.) Latin castellum was diminutive of castrum fort; for the later sense ‘village’ Du Cange quotes an ancient glossary ‘Castellum , municipium , κώμη ’; compare the later use of castrum , castra for ‘town’: compare chester n.¹

I. From Latin.

†1. Used to render Latin castellum of the Vulgate (Greek κώμη), village. Obsolete.This continued in Bible translations and quotations till the 16th cent., but was probably often understood in sense 3. Thus the author of Cursor Mundi evidently thought that Bethany ‘the castel of Mary and her sister Martha, was like the castle of an English feudal lord.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town, village, or collection of dwellings > [noun]

thorpc725

homeeOE

byc950

castlec1000

wickc1000

streeta1325

placec1390

plecka1576

bourgade1601

township1602

townreda1613

ville1837

vicus1842

ham1864

stad1896

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxi. 2 Farað on þæt castel [Hatton to þam castelle].

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 6 He þa castel be-ferde.

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) ix. 12 Þæt hig farun on þas castelu & on þas tunas [Hatton on þas castelles].

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 3 Goð in þane castel.

138. J. Wyclif Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 197 Jesus wente aboute..boþ to more places and lesse, as citees and castellis..Castels ben undirstonden litil touns.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xix. 30 Go ȝe in to the castel, which is aȝens ȝou.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14132 Þis lazarus..Had sisters..A castel was bath his and þairs.

?1500 W. de Worde Inform. Pylgrymes sig. cv Fro Kames is .xij myles to the castell of Emaus.

a1564 T. Becon Christ's Chron. (1844) 547 He entered into a certain castle, where a certain woman called Martha made him a dinner.

†2. plural. Used to render Latin castra camp. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > [noun] > encamping > camp

castlesa1300

camp1528

a1300 E.E. Psalter lxxvii. 28 In mid þar kastelles fellen þai.

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxvi. 5 If castels be set agaynes me..Kastels are conspiracyons of oure foes.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Lev. xxiv. 14 Lede out the blasfemere without the castels [1382 tentis].

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 58/2 The Angel of god wente to fore the castellis of Israhel.

II. From French.

a. A large building or set of buildings fortified for defence against an enemy; a fortress, stronghold. Retained as a name for large mansions or country houses, which were formerly feudal castles, but not, like French château, transferred to this sense.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun]

castlea1075

stronghousec1325

motec1390

house of fencec1425

castle of war1441

slot1578

house of war1581

kasbah1738

castellation1858

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > dwelling of king or ruler > [noun] > castle used as residence

castlea1075

(castle) of lodgingsc1515

slot1578

schloss1662

a1075 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1048 Þa hæfdon þa welisce men gewroht ænne castel on Herefordscire.

a1075 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1069 Se eorl Walðeof..and Eadgar æðeling..þa castelas gewunnan.

a1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1140 He beset heom til hi aiauen up here castles.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 51 Hwil me wið quarreus vte wið assailleð þe castel.

1297 R. Glouc (1810) 540 Tho the barons adde the toun, and the castel the king.

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 184 Of this castell was castellaine Elda the kinges chamberlaine.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 441 A Castel al of lym and stoon.

1426–7 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 10 At þe comyng of..þe Duc of Norffolk fro hys castell of Framyngham.

1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 3 The cities, townes, Castels and villages.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. iii. 51 This Castels tottered battlements.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xi. 7 Dauid dwelt in the castell .

1638 Duke of Hamilton in Hamilton Papers (1880) 12 Itt is imposabill to put ani of itt in to Ed[in]bur[gh] Castell.

1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 406 The old castle of Pisa.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits x. 165 New men prove an overmatch for the land-owner, and the mill buys out the castle.

1889 N.E.D. at Castle Mod. The Round Tower of Windsor Castle. Dover Castle is still a fortress.

b. A model or similitude of a castle, made in any material; a castle-like pile of anything. (Applied by boys to four cherry-stones placed like a pyramid.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > mass formed by collection of particles > an accumulation > heap or pile

heapc725

cockeOE

hill1297

tassc1330

glub1382

mow?1424

bulkc1440

pile1440

pie1526

bing1528

borwen1570

ruck1601

rick1608

wreck1612

congest1625

castle1636

coacervation1650

congestion1664

cop1666

cumble1694

bin1695

toss1695

thurrock1708

rucklea1725

burrow1784

mound1788

wad1805

stook1865

boorach1868

barrow1869

sorites1871

tump1892

fid1926

clamp-

1636 P. Massinger Great Duke of Florence iv. ii. sig. H3 Sit down and eat some Sugar-plums? here's a Castle Of March-Pane too.

1641 Cavendish's Negotiations T. Woolsey vi. 17 The Officers brought into the house a Casteele of fine Manchet.

1889 N.E.D. at Castle Mod. The whole collapsed like a castle of cards.

c. Loosely applied to a large building.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > types of building generally > [noun] > large building

block1849

castle1886

1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 Aug. 10/2 The Duchess of Teck..opened a ‘Babies' Castle’ at Hawkhurst yesterday, in connection with Dr. Barnardo's homes.

d. the Castle, in reference to Ireland, means specifically Dublin Castle, as the seat of the vice-regal court and administration; hence, in politics, the authority centred at Dublin Castle, the officials who administer the government of Ireland. Also attributive as in Castle influence, Castle government, etc. So also Castleism, the officialism of Dublin Castle.

ΚΠ

1735 Mrs. Sican in Swift's Lett. (1768) IV. 129 Our Irish ladies made a fine appearance the birth-day at the castle.

c1795 E. Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 321 The constant meddling of the bishops and the clergy with the Castle, and of the Castle with them, will infallibly set them ill with their own body.

1800 H. Grattan Speech 5 Feb. in Irish House Commons Whether you will go, with the Castle at your head, to the tomb of Charlemont..and erase his epitaph.

1813 D. O'Connell Speech 24 Dec. in Sel. Speeches (1865) I. 372 A newspaper in the pay of the Castle.

1843 R. R. Madden United Irishmen II. xvii. 367 Hired spies, informers, and witnesses kept in the pay of the Castle.

1880 A. M. Sullivan New Ireland (ed. 8) xxii. 267 The Castle raised a petty squabble with the prison board as to the expense.

1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Sept. 4/1 So long as the whole machinery of Castle government is..anti-popular..such elements of popular government as exist will be anti-Castle.

1887 R. Wallace Speech House of Commons 7 June The unauthorised tyranny which was the animating spirit of Dublin Castleism.

e. Phrase. an (English)man's house (is) his castle.

ΚΠ

1567 W. Stanford Les Plees del Coron 14 b Ma meason est a moy come mon castel hors de quel le ley ne moy arta a fuer.]

1588 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (new ed.) ii. vii. 257 Our law calleth a mans house, his castle, meaning that he may defend himselfe therein.

1600–16 E. Coke Five Rep. 91 b The house of every man is to him as his Castle and Fortresse, as well for his defence against injury and violence, as for his repose.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits x. 167 The house is a castle which the king cannot enter.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. vii. 128 An Englishman's house is his castle.

f. ‘The principal village of an Indian tribe. New York State’ (Webster).

ΚΠ

1693 in C. J. Hoadly Public Rec. Colony of Connecticut (1868) IV. 87 In possession of two of the neerest of the Maquas castles.

1779 Mass. Hist. Soc. 2nd ser. II. 456 [We] cut of three Indian Castles at Onidauga.

1779 Mass. Hist. Soc. 2nd ser. II. 468 The Indian fields continued near 5 miles on our way from this Castle.

1794 S. Williams Nat. & Civil Hist. Vermont 142 The Indians..have no other fortification but an irregular kind of fortress, which they call a castle or fat.

g. A heap of brushwood or sticks under which rabbits hide when being hunted.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > a secret place, hiding place > [noun]

hidelsc975

hidela1300

bushc1330

hulkc1330

derna1340

tapissinga1340

coverta1375

hiding1382

loting-placea1398

cover14..

hiding placec1440

mewa1450

closetc1450

hole1483

cure1502

secret1530

shrouding place1571

ivy-bush1576

coney burrowa1586

hidlings1597

foxhole1606

shrouding corner1610

recess1611

subterfuge1616

latibule1623

latebra1626

blind1646

privacy1648

hide1649

retreat1697

rathole1770

hidey-hole1817

tod hole1846

hulster1880

hideout1885

cwtch1890

castle1898

lurk1906

stash1927

hideaway1930

1898 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport II. 175/1 The whole space is laid out in lines of some 20 to 30 yards in breadth, marked out by heaps of sticks or brushwood euphemistically termed ‘castles’.

1898 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport II. 175/2 When three or more residents turn out together from the same ‘castle’, and perchance bolt backwards, then complications ensue.

h. Cricket. The wicket a batter defends.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > equipment > [noun] > wicket

wicket1662

stick1829

timber1840

gate1851

castle1959

1959 I. Peebles in Sunday Times 31 May 38/3 In support came..Alfie Hall..with a low action which ensured his hitting the castle.

1960 I. Peebles Bowler's Turn 59 I..knocked..Robinson's castle down first ball.

4. figurative (or allegorical). ‘Stronghold, fortress’.

ΚΠ

c1320 (title) Her byginet a tretys Þat is yclept Castel off loue.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9881 Þis castel es o luue and grace.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 32^v Suffisaunce is a castell that kepeth wysemen from euyl werkis.

1533 T. Elyot (title) The castel of helth.

1551 R. Record (title) The Castle of Knowledge.

1785 W. Cowper Task v. 525 Seeing the old castle of the state so assail'd.

1823 C. Lamb On Some of Old Actors (new ed.) in Elia 311 Shake not the castles of his pride.

5. poetic or rhetorical for: A large ship (esp. of war); usually with some attribute.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > large warship

armada1586

castle1642

big stuff1883

1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell ix. 117 Great Britaine..having so many invincible castles in motion (I meane Her Ships).

1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur v. 134 The floating Castles dance upon the Tide.

1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 24 Our winged-castles [fly] from their merchant ships.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits viii. 143 These sea-kings may take once again to their floating castles.

a. A small wooden tower used for defence in warfare; a tower borne on the back of an elephant.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > temporary wooden tower

castlec1380

barbican1489

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > tower borne by elephant

castlec1380

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > conveyance carried by person or animal > [noun] > litter > on elephant

castlec1380

tower1553

ambari1672

howdah1775

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3252 To þe castel þat was ymad of treo al þat host he broȝte.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. xviii. 191 The Castelles of Tree..that craftily ben sett up on the Olifantes Bakkes, for to fyghten aȝen hire Enemyes.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxiv. 77 The girdell that helde vp the castell vpon theyre backes.

?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. ee.iiii Syttynge in a castell..On an olyphauntes backe.

1842 T. B. Macaulay Prophecy of Capys in Lays Anc. Rome 187 The beast on whom the castle With all its guards doth stand.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. 624 The temporary towers..used in the military art of the time..sometimes called castles.

b. A tower in general.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > types of building generally > [noun] > high building

towerc897

steeplec1000

Babel1554

pile1573

Babel tower1588

castle1642

minar1665

skyscraper1883

scraper1928

prang1929

slab1952

high-rise1962

multi-storey1969

1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell xviii. 223 There is a Castle in the grand Caire in Ægypt, called the Nilescope, where there stands a Pillar.

7. Nautical. A tower or elevated structure on the deck of a ship. Cf. forecastle n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > part of vessel above water > [noun] > deck superstructure

castle?a1400

superstructure1835

top-hamper1857

island1937

?a1400 Morte Arth. 3617 The toppe-castelles he stuffede with toyelys.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iii. 36 The helme and the castell Also will I take.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. iii. f. 14^v The watche men lokinge owte of the toppe castell of the shyppe.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Gaillard, the round house, or hinder castle, of a ship.

8. Applied (in proper names) to ancient British or Roman earthworks, as Abbotsbury Castle between Weymouth and Bridport, Maiden Castle at Dorchester, Round Castle near Oxford, Yarnbury Castle, etc.

9. Chess. One of the pieces, made to represent a castle; also called a rook n.²

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > pieces > rook or castle

rookc1330

judge?1523

tower1562

duke1625

castlea1649

1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iv. xii. 222 They [sc. the Rooks] stand in the vttermost corners of the Chesbord, as frontier Castles.]

a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 146 Here is a King defended by a Lady, Two Bishops, Two Knights, at the End of the Lists, with Two Rooks, Fortresses, or Castles.

1847 H. Staunton Chess-player's Handbk. 5 The Rook, or Castle is next in power to the Queen.

†10. ‘A kind of close helmet’ (Nares): but perhaps only a figurative use. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > helmet > [noun] > other types of helmet

kettle-hat1380

salletc1440

knapscall1498

armet1507

bonnet?a1513

morion1547

burgonet1570

heaume1572

Bourguignonne1578

castle1587

casquet1611

cabasset1622

casquetel1796

knapscapa1802

comb-cap1825

tilting-helmet1846

pickelhaube1853

Waterloo helmet1853

bell-shape1869

schapska1894

pudding basin1925

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 815/1 Then..entred sir Thomas Kneuet in a castell of cole blacke, and ouer the castell was written The dolorous castell.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. ii. 190 Stand fast, and weare a Castle on thy head.

11. castle in the air n. visionary project or scheme, day-dream, idle fancy; to form castles in the air: to form unsubstantial or visionary projects. Common since 1575, varied occasionally with castle in the skies, and the like; castle in Spain [= French château en Espagne] is found 1400–1600, and occasionally as a Gallicism in modern writers. Castle alone is also used where the allusion is obvious: cf. castle-builder n., castle-building n. and adj. at castle-builder n. Derivatives.[As to the French faire des châteaux en Espagne (found in 13th cent.) see Littré; since it varied with châteaux en Asie, en Albanie, it appears that the phrase at bottom meant only to build castles in a foreign country where one had no standing-ground, Spain being finally taken as the nearest Moorish country to Christendom, or perhaps with some reference to the arms of Castile.]

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > daydream or reverie > [noun]

castle in Spainc1400

reverie1477

brown studyc1555

castle in the skies1576

castle in the air1579

comedown1583

memento1587

towers in the air1599

daydream1651

dream1732

air castle1786

châteaux in air1793

chateau(x) en Espagne1834

cloud-castle1887

pipe dream1890

fantasy1926

c1400 Rom. Rose 2573 Thou shalt make castels thanne in Spayne, And dreme of joye, alle but in vayne.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 25 He began to make castellis in Spaygne as louers doo.

1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. xxviii. f. 303 He was in this expectation, building castles in the ayre, and deuising a thousande Chimeras in his braine.

1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas sig. C.ij Things are thought, which neuer yet were wrought, And castels buylt, aboue in lofty skies.

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 219 They built castells in the ayer, and thought to doe greater wonders.

a1592 R. Greene Hist. Orlando Furioso (1594) sig. Cii^v In conceit build Castles in the Skie.

1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 182 Some..haue their wittes a wool-gathering, and, as wee vse commonly to say, are building of castles in Spaine.

1601 W. Watson Important Considerations (1675) 60 Mr. Saunders (building Castles in the Air amongst his Books).

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Faire des chasteaux en Espaigne, to build castles in the aire (say we).

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. iii. i. ii. 239 That castle in the ayre, that waking dreame.

a1649 W. Drummond Poems (1656) 184 Strange Castles builded in the Skies.

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge Ep. Ded. Castles in the Air, whose Groundsils are laid with Whims, their Overwayes with Dreams, and rooft with Cream of thinking.

1708 J. Keill Acct. Animal Secretion Pref. p. xi The raising of Theories..is but building Castles in the Air.

1757 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) IX. 304 A mere castle in the air.

a1763 W. Shenstone Odes (1765) 237 To plan frail castles in the skies.

1796 M. G. Lewis Monk II. vi. 237 She..beguiled the hours with building castles in the air.

1829 F. Marryat Naval Officer II. vi. 177 I built castles till bed time.

1834 M. Edgeworth Helen I. viii. 160 She had left off building castles in the air, but she had outbuilt herself on earth.

1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands IV. 282 The explosion of the Gunpowder Plot blowing the castles in Spain into the air.

1867 F. D. Maurice Patriarchs & Law-givers (ed. 4) vi. 120 In looking back to the castles of earliest boyhood.

1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant II. vii. 203 We have all had our castles in Spain.

1887 Freeborn County Standard (Albert Lea, Minnesota) 18 Aug. How often she had built castles in the air, whereof the foundation was, ‘if I were rich!’

1938 B. Webb My Apprenticeship I. ii. 82 Building castles in the air, where she is always the charming heroine without a fault.

1964 P. F. Anson Bishops at Large vi. 213 He continued to build castles in the air,..paranoiacally refusing to face up to reality.

1998 Bristol Evening Post (Nexis) 21 Mar. 16 Avoid the temptation to build castles in the air. Don't start imagining his surname attached to yours on the second date.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

castle-battlement n.

castle-court n.

ΚΠ

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. xxvii. 210 Man and guard the castle-court.

castle-ditch n.

ΚΠ

?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 784. 19 Hec listia, a castylledyche.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) v. ii. 1 Wee'll couch i'th Castle-ditch .

castle-gate n.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > gate > [noun]

portc1330

town gatec1380

city gatec1450

castle-gate1590

portress1638

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xi. sig. Y8 Seuen of the same against the Castle gate..he did closely place.

castle-guardian n.

castle-spectre n.

ΚΠ

1829 T. Carlyle German Playwrights in Foreign Rev. Jan. 100 A deep tragedy of the Castle-Spectre sort.

castle-wall n.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > defensive walls > [noun] > outer wall of castle

castle-wallc1175

bailc1320

baileya1400

ballium1773

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 141 Alse an castel wal.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iv. viii. 138 That lovely lady sate and wept Upon the castle-wall.

castle-born adj.

ΚΠ

1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. ii. iii. 75 The castle-born brat is a senator born, Or a saint, if religion's in vogue.

castle-buttressed adj.

castle-crowned adj.

ΚΠ

1610 R. Niccols England's Eliza in Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) 776 That ancient castle-crowned hill.

C2.

† castle-boon n. Obsolete an unpaid service due to a castle from neighbouring owners or tenants; see boon n.¹ 6.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun] > other customary or feudal dues

land-cheapc848

manredlOE

horngeldc1170

tithing penny1192

averpenny1253

wattle-silver1263

faldfee?a1300

filstinga1300

horn-pennyc1320

common finea1325

wrongeld1340

yule-waitingc1380

lark silver1382

carriagec1400

week-silver1430

aida1475

average1489

castle-boon15..

winage1523

casualty?1529

fry money1530

casualityc1568

white hart silver1594

hornage1611

issues of homage1646

lef-silver1660

frith-silver1669

cert-money1670

aver-silver1847

socage1859

15.. in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) Introd. 20 They and their tenants were to be quit of Castell-boone and of drink-money for the foresters, upon payment of a rent of four shillings a year.]

† castle-bote n. Obsolete the keeping of a castle in repair, a contribution levied for this purpose.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > dues or tolls for upkeep or maintenance > [noun]

bridge-boteOE

bridge silverc1254

parkbotea1315

fosse-silver?a1325

pontagea1325

murage1424

pavagec1450

bridge money1482

fox-hen1528

jail money1600

water-corn1600

beaconage1607

castle-bote1628

burgh-bote1647

barbicanage1691

highway rate1697

fossage1757

mint duties1782

1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 127 a Bote signifieth amerciament or compensation, or sometimes freedom from the same, as castle-bote.

Castle-chamber n. (also Court of Castle-chamber) the Irish analogue of the Court of Star-chamber, under the Tudors and Stuarts.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > Star-chamber > equivalent in Ireland

Castle-chamber1648

1648 Art. of Peace betw. Ormond & Irish xxi Persons..authoriz'd by Commission under the Great Seal to regulate the Court of Castle-chamber.

† castle-cloud n. Obsolete a castle-like cloud, a cumulus:

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > cumulus

castle-cloud1686

cumulus1803

stacken-cloud1823

1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica ii. ii. 160 Hot and dry, misty air, castle clouds.

† castle-come-down n. Obsolete used by Foxe for ruin, total destruction.

ΚΠ

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 2298/1 Her high buildinges of such ioyes and felicities, came all to a Castlecomedown.

castle-garth n. ? a yard or enclosure belonging to a castle.

ΚΠ

1851 F. Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. I. 567 Isembard's castlegarth now constitutes a suburb of Saint Valory.

† castle-gilliflower n. Obsolete the plant Matthiola incana.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > stock-gillyflower and allies > [noun]

stock-gillyflower1530

castle-gilliflower1578

Guernsey violet1578

stock1664

Brompton1724

ten-week stock1785

night-scented stock1849

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. iv. 152 The great Castell or stocke Gillofer.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 373 Castle Gilloflower.

† castle-hunter n. Obsolete one who builds castles in the air.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > daydream or reverie > [noun] > one who daydreams

musardc1330

John-a-dreams1603

air-monger1628

castle-builder1711

daydreamer1750

castle-hunter1752

Alnaschar1800

reverist1824

stargazer1843

Johnny Head-in-the-Air?1851

pipe-dreamer1899

head-in-air1932

Walter Mitty1947

Mitty1953

1752 G. Berkeley Let. in Wks. (1871) IV. 334 We have not the transports of your castle-hunters; but our lives are calm and serene.

† castle-monger n. Obsolete one who builds or owns castles.

ΚΠ

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 31 The Bishops, (being the greatest Castle-mongers in that Age) very stubborn and not easily to be ordered.

castle-nut n. a castellated nut (see castellated adj.).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > nut > other nuts

box nut1794

union nut1835

castle-nut1902

1902 Automobile Rev. July 1 Castle nut, a nut having three grooves cut across its top face to receive a split pin.

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 141/2 Castle nut, a six-sided nut in the top of which six radial slots are cut. Two of these line up with a hole drilled in the bolt or screw, a split pin being inserted to prevent loosening.

castle pudding n. a pudding steamed or baked in a dariole mould.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > puddings > [noun] > sweet or fruit puddings

white pudding1588

quaking puddinga1665

apple pudding1708

cowslip pudding1723

plum pudding1811

roly-poly pudding1821

black cap1822

amber pudding1829

bird's nest pudding1829

slump1831

Bakewell pudding1833

roly-poly1835

dog in a (or the) blanket1842

castle pudding1845

ice pudding1846

pan pie1846

dick1849

roll-up1856

canary pudding1861

roly1861

treacle pud1861

Brown Betty1864

summer pudding1875

parfait1884

schalet1884

Sally Lunn pudding1892

Tommy1895

queen of puddings1903

layer-pudding1909

clafoutis1926

shrikhand1950

chocolate fondant1971

mud-pie1975

tiramisu1982

lava cake1994

1845 E. Acton Mod. Cookery xviii. 472 Sutherland Or Castle Puddings. Take an equal weight of eggs..butter,..flour,..sugar... Pour the mixture..into well-buttered cups, and bake.

1965 E. J. Howard After Julius xv. 250 Hanwell was having some castle puddings in the kitchen.

1965 A. Christie At Bertram's Hotel xi. 107 Veal cutlets..succeeded by some small castle puddings with a blackberry sauce.

† castle-soap n. Obsolete see Castile soap n.

† castle-stead n. Obsolete (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1678–1706 E. Phillips New World of Words Castlesteed..anciently used for any Fortress or Bulwark.

1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Castle-steed, (O[ld Word]) a Castle, or Bulwark. [Also in Bailey 1721–1800.]

castle-top n. a tall humming top.‘Still north. dial.’ ( N.E.D.)

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > top > [noun] > humming-top

top13..

castle-topa1774

humming-top1819

a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iv. 358 The kites and marbles and castle tops he was fond of then.

castle-town n. a town defended by a castle; also (Scottish) a collection of houses lying near or under a castle.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun]

chestera855

boroughc893

fastnessOE

strength?c1225

warnestore1297

fortress13..

holdc1330

strongholdc1384

motec1390

fortalicec1425

garnisonc1430

garrisonc1430

town of war1441

wall-town1488

strengh1489

afforciament1509

piece1525

forcea1552

citadel1567

fort1569

place1575

holt1600

alcazar1623

fasthold1623

afforcement1642

castle-town1646

post1648

garrison-town1649

bridlea1661

palank1685

place of arms1704

ostrog1761

qila1761

presidio1763

gurry1786

thana1803

pa1823

castrum1836

lis1845

Gibraltar1856

training post1867

kasbah1902

jong1904

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun] > fortified or defended town

wall-town1488

bourg1536

castle-town1646

bastide1881

1646 R. Codrington Life & Death Illustrious Earle of Essex 43 This was a Castle Towne and of great strength.

1864 Glasgow Her. 16 May These cothouses were often called the Castletoun, because they belonged to or lay near the castle.

castlewards adv. towards the castle.

ΚΠ

1831 J. Wilson Unimore vi. 313 He moves Castle-wards.

castle-wick n. = castleship n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction of or areas under specific authorities > [noun] > subject to castle

castleship1598

castle-wick1611

chatellany1668

castlery1679

castellany1696

castellate1809

chatelainry1864

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Chastellenie, a Castle-wicke, a castleship.

castle-work n. (see quot.). See also castle-builder n., castle-guard n., castleward n., castlewise adv.

ΚΠ

1448 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1810) 450 (MS. College of Arms) That suche castellwerk was nat semyng to Religion.

1846 T. Wright Ess. Middle Ages I. v. 195 Grievously they oppressed the miserable people of the land with their castle-works.

Draft additions July 2011

an Englishman's (also man's, etc.) home is his castle: used to indicate or state that a person's home (sometimes specifically that of a man or an Englishman) is, or should be, a place of privacy and freedom from interference. Cf. an (English)man's house (is) his castle at sense 3e.

ΚΠ

1806 European Mag. June 436/2 A man's home is not only his castle, but it is his sanctuary.

1836 Lady's Mag. & Museum Feb. 139/2 The grand principle, that..every Englishman's home is his castle.

1891 Los Angeles Times 27 Mar. 2/7 Being thus suddenly disturbed in his dreams..served to bring back to his mind the old saying that a man's home is his castle, and seizing his pistol he quickly unlocked the side door.

1899 Outlook 16 Dec. 647 She forgets how much the Londoner's home is his and her castle, especially at the time of greatest freedom—the evening.

1915 Forum July 35 The Englishman's home is no longer his castle; the Defence of the Realm Regulations make a considerable breach in it.

1986 R.-L. Clark Pastoral Care Battered Women i. 25 Believing that ‘a man's home is his castle,’ many police refuse to interfere in domestic violence cases.

2008 New Statesman 30 June 10/3 [The judge] ruled that his property should not be seized because ‘an Englishman's home is his castle’.

Draft additions June 2016

castle doctrine n. Law (a) the principle that one's home should be a place of privacy and freedom from interference (now rare); (b) U.S. the principle that one is justified in the use of deadly force to protect one's home and its inhabitants from intruders, without being obliged to retreat. [Compare an Englishman's (also man's, etc.) home is his castle at Additions.]

ΚΠ

1875 Isle of Man Times 2 Oct. 4/4 Every Englishman's house is his castle..but if he chooses to emit from his dwelling place noxious effluvia.., the..‘castle’ doctrine won't save him from the..law.

1892 Albany Law Jrnl. 14 May 408/1 Mr. Attorney is too good a lawyer seriously to have applied the ‘castle’ doctrine to a man's public place of business, especially a grog-shop.

1895 Green Bag Sept. 436 The case of Babe Beard, in the United States supreme court..was a case of homicide upon the defendant's premises and in resistance to an unlawful carrying away of his property, and must be regarded as a notable extension of the ‘castle’ doctrine.

1978 Sun (Baltimore) 12 Oct. d6/1 The trial judge refused to Mr. Gainer's lawyer's request that the jury be given instructions concerning the castle doctrine.

1999 Atlanta Jrnl. & Constit. (Nexis) 12 Mar. 6 c The justices receded from a 1982 decision that carved out an exception for domestic violence cases to the ‘castle doctrine’.

2015 Washington Post (Nexis) 29 Mar. a1 In Wisconsin,..Walker signed a ‘Castle Doctrine’ law, giving gun owners new leeway to use deadly force against threatening intruders without first trying to flee.

Draft additions March 2022

castle Catholic n. Irish English derogatory (now chiefly historical) an Irish Catholic whose social and political inclinations are regarded as being aligned with British attitudes, culture, etc. [So called with reference to the name of Dublin Castle, the administrative centre of the British government in Ireland until the country's independence in 1922; compare sense 3d.]

ΚΠ

1848 J. Mitchel Jail Jrnl. 27 May (1854) i. 30 Some of the respectable castle-Catholics will thank me little for bringing their degradation so prominently into public view.

1938 S. O'Faoláin Daniel O'Connell (1986) iv. 194 Peel..began in Ireland a policy that many of his successors copied and developed—the formation of a class that became known as ‘renegade Catholics’, or, in mockery of their affected half-English accents, ‘Cawstle Cawtholics’.

2018 G. Mulvenna in T. P. Burgess Contested Identities Ulster Catholics (e-book, accessed 21 Nov. 2019) xiii. 188 Many who became empathetic towards the Union with Great Britain have fallen into the category of being ‘castle Catholics’.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	castle
释义	castlen. Brit. /ˈkɑːsl/, /ˈkasl/, U.S. /ˈkæs(ə)l/, Irish English /ˈkaːsl/, /ˈkæsl/ Forms: Old English–1500s castel, (Middle English castill, caastel, kastell, castele, Middle English castelle), Middle English–1600s castell, (Middle English castylle, castille, caystelle), 1500s– castle. Etymology: Taken into English at two different times: (1) before 1000, castel neuter (plural castel(l , castelu ), < Latin castellum in the Vulgate, rendering κώμη ‘village’ of the Greek; (2) c1050–1070castel (masculine) (plural castelas ) < Old Northern French castel (modern French château ) ‘castle’ < Latin castellum in sense ‘fort, fortress’. (Under the influence of this, castel village also became masculine by 12th cent.) Latin castellum was diminutive of castrum fort; for the later sense ‘village’ Du Cange quotes an ancient glossary ‘Castellum , municipium , κώμη ’; compare the later use of castrum , castra for ‘town’: compare chester n.¹ I. From Latin. †1. Used to render Latin castellum of the Vulgate (Greek κώμη), village. Obsolete.This continued in Bible translations and quotations till the 16th cent., but was probably often understood in sense 3. Thus the author of Cursor Mundi evidently thought that Bethany ‘the castel of Mary and her sister Martha, was like the castle of an English feudal lord. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town, village, or collection of dwellings > [noun] thorpc725 homeeOE byc950 castlec1000 wickc1000 streeta1325 placec1390 plecka1576 bourgade1601 township1602 townreda1613 ville1837 vicus1842 ham1864 stad1896 c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxi. 2 Farað on þæt castel [Hatton to þam castelle]. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 6 He þa castel be-ferde. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) ix. 12 Þæt hig farun on þas castelu & on þas tunas [Hatton on þas castelles]. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 3 Goð in þane castel. 138. J. Wyclif Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 197 Jesus wente aboute..boþ to more places and lesse, as citees and castellis..Castels ben undirstonden litil touns. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xix. 30 Go ȝe in to the castel, which is aȝens ȝou. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14132 Þis lazarus..Had sisters..A castel was bath his and þairs. ?1500 W. de Worde Inform. Pylgrymes sig. cv Fro Kames is .xij myles to the castell of Emaus. a1564 T. Becon Christ's Chron. (1844) 547 He entered into a certain castle, where a certain woman called Martha made him a dinner. †2. plural. Used to render Latin castra camp. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > [noun] > encamping > camp castlesa1300 camp1528 a1300 E.E. Psalter lxxvii. 28 In mid þar kastelles fellen þai. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxvi. 5 If castels be set agaynes me..Kastels are conspiracyons of oure foes. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Lev. xxiv. 14 Lede out the blasfemere without the castels [1382 tentis]. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 58/2 The Angel of god wente to fore the castellis of Israhel. II. From French. 3. a. A large building or set of buildings fortified for defence against an enemy; a fortress, stronghold. Retained as a name for large mansions or country houses, which were formerly feudal castles, but not, like French château, transferred to this sense. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] castlea1075 stronghousec1325 motec1390 house of fencec1425 castle of war1441 slot1578 house of war1581 kasbah1738 castellation1858 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > dwelling of king or ruler > [noun] > castle used as residence castlea1075 (castle) of lodgingsc1515 slot1578 schloss1662 a1075 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1048 Þa hæfdon þa welisce men gewroht ænne castel on Herefordscire. a1075 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1069 Se eorl Walðeof..and Eadgar æðeling..þa castelas gewunnan. a1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1140 He beset heom til hi aiauen up here castles. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 51 Hwil me wið quarreus vte wið assailleð þe castel. 1297 R. Glouc (1810) 540 Tho the barons adde the toun, and the castel the king. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 184 Of this castell was castellaine Elda the kinges chamberlaine. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 441 A Castel al of lym and stoon. 1426–7 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 10 At þe comyng of..þe Duc of Norffolk fro hys castell of Framyngham. 1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 3 The cities, townes, Castels and villages. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. iii. 51 This Castels tottered battlements. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xi. 7 Dauid dwelt in the castell . View more context for this quotation 1638 Duke of Hamilton in Hamilton Papers (1880) 12 Itt is imposabill to put ani of itt in to Ed[in]bur[gh] Castell. 1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 406 The old castle of Pisa. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits x. 165 New men prove an overmatch for the land-owner, and the mill buys out the castle. 1889 N.E.D. at Castle Mod. The Round Tower of Windsor Castle. Dover Castle is still a fortress. b. A model or similitude of a castle, made in any material; a castle-like pile of anything. (Applied by boys to four cherry-stones placed like a pyramid.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > mass formed by collection of particles > an accumulation > heap or pile heapc725 cockeOE hill1297 tassc1330 glub1382 mow?1424 bulkc1440 pile1440 pie1526 bing1528 borwen1570 ruck1601 rick1608 wreck1612 congest1625 castle1636 coacervation1650 congestion1664 cop1666 cumble1694 bin1695 toss1695 thurrock1708 rucklea1725 burrow1784 mound1788 wad1805 stook1865 boorach1868 barrow1869 sorites1871 tump1892 fid1926 clamp- 1636 P. Massinger Great Duke of Florence iv. ii. sig. H3 Sit down and eat some Sugar-plums? here's a Castle Of March-Pane too. 1641 Cavendish's Negotiations T. Woolsey vi. 17 The Officers brought into the house a Casteele of fine Manchet. 1889 N.E.D. at Castle Mod. The whole collapsed like a castle of cards. c. Loosely applied to a large building. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > types of building generally > [noun] > large building block1849 castle1886 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 Aug. 10/2 The Duchess of Teck..opened a ‘Babies' Castle’ at Hawkhurst yesterday, in connection with Dr. Barnardo's homes. d. the Castle, in reference to Ireland, means specifically Dublin Castle, as the seat of the vice-regal court and administration; hence, in politics, the authority centred at Dublin Castle, the officials who administer the government of Ireland. Also attributive as in Castle influence, Castle government, etc. So also Castleism, the officialism of Dublin Castle. ΚΠ 1735 Mrs. Sican in Swift's Lett. (1768) IV. 129 Our Irish ladies made a fine appearance the birth-day at the castle. c1795 E. Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 321 The constant meddling of the bishops and the clergy with the Castle, and of the Castle with them, will infallibly set them ill with their own body. 1800 H. Grattan Speech 5 Feb. in Irish House Commons Whether you will go, with the Castle at your head, to the tomb of Charlemont..and erase his epitaph. 1813 D. O'Connell Speech 24 Dec. in Sel. Speeches (1865) I. 372 A newspaper in the pay of the Castle. 1843 R. R. Madden United Irishmen II. xvii. 367 Hired spies, informers, and witnesses kept in the pay of the Castle. 1880 A. M. Sullivan New Ireland (ed. 8) xxii. 267 The Castle raised a petty squabble with the prison board as to the expense. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Sept. 4/1 So long as the whole machinery of Castle government is..anti-popular..such elements of popular government as exist will be anti-Castle. 1887 R. Wallace Speech House of Commons 7 June The unauthorised tyranny which was the animating spirit of Dublin Castleism. e. Phrase. an (English)man's house (is) his castle. ΚΠ 1567 W. Stanford Les Plees del Coron 14 b Ma meason est a moy come mon castel hors de quel le ley ne moy arta a fuer.] 1588 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (new ed.) ii. vii. 257 Our law calleth a mans house, his castle, meaning that he may defend himselfe therein. 1600–16 E. Coke Five Rep. 91 b The house of every man is to him as his Castle and Fortresse, as well for his defence against injury and violence, as for his repose. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits x. 167 The house is a castle which the king cannot enter. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. vii. 128 An Englishman's house is his castle. f. ‘The principal village of an Indian tribe. New York State’ (Webster). ΚΠ 1693 in C. J. Hoadly Public Rec. Colony of Connecticut (1868) IV. 87 In possession of two of the neerest of the Maquas castles. 1779 Mass. Hist. Soc. 2nd ser. II. 456 [We] cut of three Indian Castles at Onidauga. 1779 Mass. Hist. Soc. 2nd ser. II. 468 The Indian fields continued near 5 miles on our way from this Castle. 1794 S. Williams Nat. & Civil Hist. Vermont 142 The Indians..have no other fortification but an irregular kind of fortress, which they call a castle or fat. g. A heap of brushwood or sticks under which rabbits hide when being hunted. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > a secret place, hiding place > [noun] hidelsc975 hidela1300 bushc1330 hulkc1330 derna1340 tapissinga1340 coverta1375 hiding1382 loting-placea1398 cover14.. hiding placec1440 mewa1450 closetc1450 hole1483 cure1502 secret1530 shrouding place1571 ivy-bush1576 coney burrowa1586 hidlings1597 foxhole1606 shrouding corner1610 recess1611 subterfuge1616 latibule1623 latebra1626 blind1646 privacy1648 hide1649 retreat1697 rathole1770 hidey-hole1817 tod hole1846 hulster1880 hideout1885 cwtch1890 castle1898 lurk1906 stash1927 hideaway1930 1898 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport II. 175/1 The whole space is laid out in lines of some 20 to 30 yards in breadth, marked out by heaps of sticks or brushwood euphemistically termed ‘castles’. 1898 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport II. 175/2 When three or more residents turn out together from the same ‘castle’, and perchance bolt backwards, then complications ensue. h. Cricket. The wicket a batter defends. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > equipment > [noun] > wicket wicket1662 stick1829 timber1840 gate1851 castle1959 1959 I. Peebles in Sunday Times 31 May 38/3 In support came..Alfie Hall..with a low action which ensured his hitting the castle. 1960 I. Peebles Bowler's Turn 59 I..knocked..Robinson's castle down first ball. 4. figurative (or allegorical). ‘Stronghold, fortress’. ΚΠ c1320 (title) Her byginet a tretys Þat is yclept Castel off loue. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9881 Þis castel es o luue and grace. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 32^v Suffisaunce is a castell that kepeth wysemen from euyl werkis. 1533 T. Elyot (title) The castel of helth. 1551 R. Record (title) The Castle of Knowledge. 1785 W. Cowper Task v. 525 Seeing the old castle of the state so assail'd. 1823 C. Lamb On Some of Old Actors (new ed.) in Elia 311 Shake not the castles of his pride. 5. poetic or rhetorical for: A large ship (esp. of war); usually with some attribute. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > large warship armada1586 castle1642 big stuff1883 1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell ix. 117 Great Britaine..having so many invincible castles in motion (I meane Her Ships). 1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur v. 134 The floating Castles dance upon the Tide. 1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 24 Our winged-castles [fly] from their merchant ships. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits viii. 143 These sea-kings may take once again to their floating castles. 6. a. A small wooden tower used for defence in warfare; a tower borne on the back of an elephant. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > temporary wooden tower castlec1380 barbican1489 society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > tower borne by elephant castlec1380 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > conveyance carried by person or animal > [noun] > litter > on elephant castlec1380 tower1553 ambari1672 howdah1775 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3252 To þe castel þat was ymad of treo al þat host he broȝte. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. xviii. 191 The Castelles of Tree..that craftily ben sett up on the Olifantes Bakkes, for to fyghten aȝen hire Enemyes. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxiv. 77 The girdell that helde vp the castell vpon theyre backes. ?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. ee.iiii Syttynge in a castell..On an olyphauntes backe. 1842 T. B. Macaulay Prophecy of Capys in Lays Anc. Rome 187 The beast on whom the castle With all its guards doth stand. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. 624 The temporary towers..used in the military art of the time..sometimes called castles. b. A tower in general. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > types of building generally > [noun] > high building towerc897 steeplec1000 Babel1554 pile1573 Babel tower1588 castle1642 minar1665 skyscraper1883 scraper1928 prang1929 slab1952 high-rise1962 multi-storey1969 1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell xviii. 223 There is a Castle in the grand Caire in Ægypt, called the Nilescope, where there stands a Pillar. 7. Nautical. A tower or elevated structure on the deck of a ship. Cf. forecastle n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > part of vessel above water > [noun] > deck superstructure castle?a1400 superstructure1835 top-hamper1857 island1937 ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3617 The toppe-castelles he stuffede with toyelys. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iii. 36 The helme and the castell Also will I take. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. iii. f. 14^v The watche men lokinge owte of the toppe castell of the shyppe. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Gaillard, the round house, or hinder castle, of a ship. 8. Applied (in proper names) to ancient British or Roman earthworks, as Abbotsbury Castle between Weymouth and Bridport, Maiden Castle at Dorchester, Round Castle near Oxford, Yarnbury Castle, etc. 9. Chess. One of the pieces, made to represent a castle; also called a rook n.² ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > pieces > rook or castle rookc1330 judge?1523 tower1562 duke1625 castlea1649 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iv. xii. 222 They [sc. the Rooks] stand in the vttermost corners of the Chesbord, as frontier Castles.] a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 146 Here is a King defended by a Lady, Two Bishops, Two Knights, at the End of the Lists, with Two Rooks, Fortresses, or Castles. 1847 H. Staunton Chess-player's Handbk. 5 The Rook, or Castle is next in power to the Queen. †10. ‘A kind of close helmet’ (Nares): but perhaps only a figurative use. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > helmet > [noun] > other types of helmet kettle-hat1380 salletc1440 knapscall1498 armet1507 bonnet?a1513 morion1547 burgonet1570 heaume1572 Bourguignonne1578 castle1587 casquet1611 cabasset1622 casquetel1796 knapscapa1802 comb-cap1825 tilting-helmet1846 pickelhaube1853 Waterloo helmet1853 bell-shape1869 schapska1894 pudding basin1925 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 815/1 Then..entred sir Thomas Kneuet in a castell of cole blacke, and ouer the castell was written The dolorous castell. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. ii. 190 Stand fast, and weare a Castle on thy head. View more context for this quotation 11. castle in the air n. visionary project or scheme, day-dream, idle fancy; to form castles in the air: to form unsubstantial or visionary projects. Common since 1575, varied occasionally with castle in the skies, and the like; castle in Spain [= French château en Espagne] is found 1400–1600, and occasionally as a Gallicism in modern writers. Castle alone is also used where the allusion is obvious: cf. castle-builder n., castle-building n. and adj. at castle-builder n. Derivatives.[As to the French faire des châteaux en Espagne (found in 13th cent.) see Littré; since it varied with châteaux en Asie, en Albanie, it appears that the phrase at bottom meant only to build castles in a foreign country where one had no standing-ground, Spain being finally taken as the nearest Moorish country to Christendom, or perhaps with some reference to the arms of Castile.] ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > daydream or reverie > [noun] castle in Spainc1400 reverie1477 brown studyc1555 castle in the skies1576 castle in the air1579 comedown1583 memento1587 towers in the air1599 daydream1651 dream1732 air castle1786 châteaux in air1793 chateau(x) en Espagne1834 cloud-castle1887 pipe dream1890 fantasy1926 c1400 Rom. Rose 2573 Thou shalt make castels thanne in Spayne, And dreme of joye, alle but in vayne. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 25 He began to make castellis in Spaygne as louers doo. 1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. xxviii. f. 303 He was in this expectation, building castles in the ayre, and deuising a thousande Chimeras in his braine. 1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas sig. C.ij Things are thought, which neuer yet were wrought, And castels buylt, aboue in lofty skies. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 219 They built castells in the ayer, and thought to doe greater wonders. a1592 R. Greene Hist. Orlando Furioso (1594) sig. Cii^v In conceit build Castles in the Skie. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 182 Some..haue their wittes a wool-gathering, and, as wee vse commonly to say, are building of castles in Spaine. 1601 W. Watson Important Considerations (1675) 60 Mr. Saunders (building Castles in the Air amongst his Books). 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Faire des chasteaux en Espaigne, to build castles in the aire (say we). 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. iii. i. ii. 239 That castle in the ayre, that waking dreame. a1649 W. Drummond Poems (1656) 184 Strange Castles builded in the Skies. 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge Ep. Ded. Castles in the Air, whose Groundsils are laid with Whims, their Overwayes with Dreams, and rooft with Cream of thinking. 1708 J. Keill Acct. Animal Secretion Pref. p. xi The raising of Theories..is but building Castles in the Air. 1757 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) IX. 304 A mere castle in the air. a1763 W. Shenstone Odes (1765) 237 To plan frail castles in the skies. 1796 M. G. Lewis Monk II. vi. 237 She..beguiled the hours with building castles in the air. 1829 F. Marryat Naval Officer II. vi. 177 I built castles till bed time. 1834 M. Edgeworth Helen I. viii. 160 She had left off building castles in the air, but she had outbuilt herself on earth. 1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands IV. 282 The explosion of the Gunpowder Plot blowing the castles in Spain into the air. 1867 F. D. Maurice Patriarchs & Law-givers (ed. 4) vi. 120 In looking back to the castles of earliest boyhood. 1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant II. vii. 203 We have all had our castles in Spain. 1887 Freeborn County Standard (Albert Lea, Minnesota) 18 Aug. How often she had built castles in the air, whereof the foundation was, ‘if I were rich!’ 1938 B. Webb My Apprenticeship I. ii. 82 Building castles in the air, where she is always the charming heroine without a fault. 1964 P. F. Anson Bishops at Large vi. 213 He continued to build castles in the air,..paranoiacally refusing to face up to reality. 1998 Bristol Evening Post (Nexis) 21 Mar. 16 Avoid the temptation to build castles in the air. Don't start imagining his surname attached to yours on the second date. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. castle-battlement n. castle-court n. ΚΠ 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. xxvii. 210 Man and guard the castle-court. castle-ditch n. ΚΠ ?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 784. 19 Hec listia, a castylledyche. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) v. ii. 1 Wee'll couch i'th Castle-ditch . View more context for this quotation castle-gate n. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > gate > [noun] portc1330 town gatec1380 city gatec1450 castle-gate1590 portress1638 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xi. sig. Y8 Seuen of the same against the Castle gate..he did closely place. castle-guardian n. castle-spectre n. ΚΠ 1829 T. Carlyle German Playwrights in Foreign Rev. Jan. 100 A deep tragedy of the Castle-Spectre sort. castle-wall n. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > defensive walls > [noun] > outer wall of castle castle-wallc1175 bailc1320 baileya1400 ballium1773 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 141 Alse an castel wal. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iv. viii. 138 That lovely lady sate and wept Upon the castle-wall. b. castle-born adj. ΚΠ 1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. ii. iii. 75 The castle-born brat is a senator born, Or a saint, if religion's in vogue. castle-buttressed adj. castle-crowned adj. ΚΠ 1610 R. Niccols England's Eliza in Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) 776 That ancient castle-crowned hill. C2. † castle-boon n. Obsolete an unpaid service due to a castle from neighbouring owners or tenants; see boon n.¹ 6. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun] > other customary or feudal dues land-cheapc848 manredlOE horngeldc1170 tithing penny1192 averpenny1253 wattle-silver1263 faldfee?a1300 filstinga1300 horn-pennyc1320 common finea1325 wrongeld1340 yule-waitingc1380 lark silver1382 carriagec1400 week-silver1430 aida1475 average1489 castle-boon15.. winage1523 casualty?1529 fry money1530 casualityc1568 white hart silver1594 hornage1611 issues of homage1646 lef-silver1660 frith-silver1669 cert-money1670 aver-silver1847 socage1859 15.. in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) Introd. 20 They and their tenants were to be quit of Castell-boone and of drink-money for the foresters, upon payment of a rent of four shillings a year.] † castle-bote n. Obsolete the keeping of a castle in repair, a contribution levied for this purpose. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > dues or tolls for upkeep or maintenance > [noun] bridge-boteOE bridge silverc1254 parkbotea1315 fosse-silver?a1325 pontagea1325 murage1424 pavagec1450 bridge money1482 fox-hen1528 jail money1600 water-corn1600 beaconage1607 castle-bote1628 burgh-bote1647 barbicanage1691 highway rate1697 fossage1757 mint duties1782 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 127 a Bote signifieth amerciament or compensation, or sometimes freedom from the same, as castle-bote. Castle-chamber n. (also Court of Castle-chamber) the Irish analogue of the Court of Star-chamber, under the Tudors and Stuarts. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > Star-chamber > equivalent in Ireland Castle-chamber1648 1648 Art. of Peace betw. Ormond & Irish xxi Persons..authoriz'd by Commission under the Great Seal to regulate the Court of Castle-chamber. † castle-cloud n. Obsolete a castle-like cloud, a cumulus: ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > cumulus castle-cloud1686 cumulus1803 stacken-cloud1823 1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica ii. ii. 160 Hot and dry, misty air, castle clouds. † castle-come-down n. Obsolete used by Foxe for ruin, total destruction. ΚΠ 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 2298/1 Her high buildinges of such ioyes and felicities, came all to a Castlecomedown. castle-garth n. ? a yard or enclosure belonging to a castle. ΚΠ 1851 F. Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. I. 567 Isembard's castlegarth now constitutes a suburb of Saint Valory. † castle-gilliflower n. Obsolete the plant Matthiola incana. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > stock-gillyflower and allies > [noun] stock-gillyflower1530 castle-gilliflower1578 Guernsey violet1578 stock1664 Brompton1724 ten-week stock1785 night-scented stock1849 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. iv. 152 The great Castell or stocke Gillofer. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 373 Castle Gilloflower. † castle-hunter n. Obsolete one who builds castles in the air. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > daydream or reverie > [noun] > one who daydreams musardc1330 John-a-dreams1603 air-monger1628 castle-builder1711 daydreamer1750 castle-hunter1752 Alnaschar1800 reverist1824 stargazer1843 Johnny Head-in-the-Air?1851 pipe-dreamer1899 head-in-air1932 Walter Mitty1947 Mitty1953 1752 G. Berkeley Let. in Wks. (1871) IV. 334 We have not the transports of your castle-hunters; but our lives are calm and serene. † castle-monger n. Obsolete one who builds or owns castles. ΚΠ 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 31 The Bishops, (being the greatest Castle-mongers in that Age) very stubborn and not easily to be ordered. castle-nut n. a castellated nut (see castellated adj.). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > nut > other nuts box nut1794 union nut1835 castle-nut1902 1902 Automobile Rev. July 1 Castle nut, a nut having three grooves cut across its top face to receive a split pin. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 141/2 Castle nut, a six-sided nut in the top of which six radial slots are cut. Two of these line up with a hole drilled in the bolt or screw, a split pin being inserted to prevent loosening. castle pudding n. a pudding steamed or baked in a dariole mould. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > puddings > [noun] > sweet or fruit puddings white pudding1588 quaking puddinga1665 apple pudding1708 cowslip pudding1723 plum pudding1811 roly-poly pudding1821 black cap1822 amber pudding1829 bird's nest pudding1829 slump1831 Bakewell pudding1833 roly-poly1835 dog in a (or the) blanket1842 castle pudding1845 ice pudding1846 pan pie1846 dick1849 roll-up1856 canary pudding1861 roly1861 treacle pud1861 Brown Betty1864 summer pudding1875 parfait1884 schalet1884 Sally Lunn pudding1892 Tommy1895 queen of puddings1903 layer-pudding1909 clafoutis1926 shrikhand1950 chocolate fondant1971 mud-pie1975 tiramisu1982 lava cake1994 1845 E. Acton Mod. Cookery xviii. 472 Sutherland Or Castle Puddings. Take an equal weight of eggs..butter,..flour,..sugar... Pour the mixture..into well-buttered cups, and bake. 1965 E. J. Howard After Julius xv. 250 Hanwell was having some castle puddings in the kitchen. 1965 A. Christie At Bertram's Hotel xi. 107 Veal cutlets..succeeded by some small castle puddings with a blackberry sauce. † castle-soap n. Obsolete see Castile soap n. † castle-stead n. Obsolete (see quot.). ΚΠ 1678–1706 E. Phillips New World of Words Castlesteed..anciently used for any Fortress or Bulwark. 1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Castle-steed, (O[ld Word]) a Castle, or Bulwark. [Also in Bailey 1721–1800.] castle-top n. a tall humming top.‘Still north. dial.’ ( N.E.D.) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > top > [noun] > humming-top top13.. castle-topa1774 humming-top1819 a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iv. 358 The kites and marbles and castle tops he was fond of then. castle-town n. a town defended by a castle; also (Scottish) a collection of houses lying near or under a castle. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun] chestera855 boroughc893 fastnessOE strength?c1225 warnestore1297 fortress13.. holdc1330 strongholdc1384 motec1390 fortalicec1425 garnisonc1430 garrisonc1430 town of war1441 wall-town1488 strengh1489 afforciament1509 piece1525 forcea1552 citadel1567 fort1569 place1575 holt1600 alcazar1623 fasthold1623 afforcement1642 castle-town1646 post1648 garrison-town1649 bridlea1661 palank1685 place of arms1704 ostrog1761 qila1761 presidio1763 gurry1786 thana1803 pa1823 castrum1836 lis1845 Gibraltar1856 training post1867 kasbah1902 jong1904 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun] > fortified or defended town wall-town1488 bourg1536 castle-town1646 bastide1881 1646 R. Codrington Life & Death Illustrious Earle of Essex 43 This was a Castle Towne and of great strength. 1864 Glasgow Her. 16 May These cothouses were often called the Castletoun, because they belonged to or lay near the castle. castlewards adv. towards the castle. ΚΠ 1831 J. Wilson Unimore vi. 313 He moves Castle-wards. castle-wick n. = castleship n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction of or areas under specific authorities > [noun] > subject to castle castleship1598 castle-wick1611 chatellany1668 castlery1679 castellany1696 castellate1809 chatelainry1864 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Chastellenie, a Castle-wicke, a castleship. castle-work n. (see quot.). See also castle-builder n., castle-guard n., castleward n., castlewise adv. ΚΠ 1448 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1810) 450 (MS. College of Arms) That suche castellwerk was nat semyng to Religion. 1846 T. Wright Ess. Middle Ages I. v. 195 Grievously they oppressed the miserable people of the land with their castle-works. Draft additions July 2011 an Englishman's (also man's, etc.) home is his castle: used to indicate or state that a person's home (sometimes specifically that of a man or an Englishman) is, or should be, a place of privacy and freedom from interference. Cf. an (English)man's house (is) his castle at sense 3e. ΚΠ 1806 European Mag. June 436/2 A man's home is not only his castle, but it is his sanctuary. 1836 Lady's Mag. & Museum Feb. 139/2 The grand principle, that..every Englishman's home is his castle. 1891 Los Angeles Times 27 Mar. 2/7 Being thus suddenly disturbed in his dreams..served to bring back to his mind the old saying that a man's home is his castle, and seizing his pistol he quickly unlocked the side door. 1899 Outlook 16 Dec. 647 She forgets how much the Londoner's home is his and her castle, especially at the time of greatest freedom—the evening. 1915 Forum July 35 The Englishman's home is no longer his castle; the Defence of the Realm Regulations make a considerable breach in it. 1986 R.-L. Clark Pastoral Care Battered Women i. 25 Believing that ‘a man's home is his castle,’ many police refuse to interfere in domestic violence cases. 2008 New Statesman 30 June 10/3 [The judge] ruled that his property should not be seized because ‘an Englishman's home is his castle’. Draft additions June 2016 castle doctrine n. Law (a) the principle that one's home should be a place of privacy and freedom from interference (now rare); (b) U.S. the principle that one is justified in the use of deadly force to protect one's home and its inhabitants from intruders, without being obliged to retreat. [Compare an Englishman's (also man's, etc.) home is his castle at Additions.] ΚΠ 1875 Isle of Man Times 2 Oct. 4/4 Every Englishman's house is his castle..but if he chooses to emit from his dwelling place noxious effluvia.., the..‘castle’ doctrine won't save him from the..law. 1892 Albany Law Jrnl. 14 May 408/1 Mr. Attorney is too good a lawyer seriously to have applied the ‘castle’ doctrine to a man's public place of business, especially a grog-shop. 1895 Green Bag Sept. 436 The case of Babe Beard, in the United States supreme court..was a case of homicide upon the defendant's premises and in resistance to an unlawful carrying away of his property, and must be regarded as a notable extension of the ‘castle’ doctrine. 1978 Sun (Baltimore) 12 Oct. d6/1 The trial judge refused to Mr. Gainer's lawyer's request that the jury be given instructions concerning the castle doctrine. 1999 Atlanta Jrnl. & Constit. (Nexis) 12 Mar. 6 c The justices receded from a 1982 decision that carved out an exception for domestic violence cases to the ‘castle doctrine’. 2015 Washington Post (Nexis) 29 Mar. a1 In Wisconsin,..Walker signed a ‘Castle Doctrine’ law, giving gun owners new leeway to use deadly force against threatening intruders without first trying to flee. Draft additions March 2022 castle Catholic n. Irish English derogatory (now chiefly historical) an Irish Catholic whose social and political inclinations are regarded as being aligned with British attitudes, culture, etc. [So called with reference to the name of Dublin Castle, the administrative centre of the British government in Ireland until the country's independence in 1922; compare sense 3d.] ΚΠ 1848 J. Mitchel Jail Jrnl. 27 May (1854) i. 30 Some of the respectable castle-Catholics will thank me little for bringing their degradation so prominently into public view. 1938 S. O'Faoláin Daniel O'Connell (1986) iv. 194 Peel..began in Ireland a policy that many of his successors copied and developed—the formation of a class that became known as ‘renegade Catholics’, or, in mockery of their affected half-English accents, ‘Cawstle Cawtholics’. 2018 G. Mulvenna in T. P. Burgess Contested Identities Ulster Catholics (e-book, accessed 21 Nov. 2019) xiii. 188 Many who became empathetic towards the Union with Great Britain have fallen into the category of being ‘castle Catholics’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). castlev. Brit. /ˈkɑːsl/, /ˈkasl/, U.S. /ˈkæs(ə)l/ Etymology: < castle n. 1. a. transitive. To enclose or place in, or as in, a castle; also figurative. Also castle up, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] > in or as in other specific receptacle or enclosure casea1525 to case up1566 chamber1568 bag1570 embower1580 cistern1587 bower1599 casket1603 entemple1603 immould1610 incavern1611 incave1615 chest1616 enchest1632 intrunk1633 labyrinth1637 caverna1640 cabinetc1642 ark1644 to box in1745 lantern1789 cauldron1791 cave1816 pocket1833 castle1871 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Castellare, to encastle, to Castle. 1655 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 1st Pt. 32 Castle me in the armes of thy everlasting strength. 1792 W. Roberts Looker-on No. 30. 236 After having castled himself up as it were in his own exclusive spirit. 1871 R. Browning Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau 116 Some fierce tribe, castled on the mountain-peak. †b. transitive. To enclose (a cistern, etc.) within a building (obsolete; cf. castellated adj. 2). ΚΠ 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1354/1 The conducting of Thames water, cesterning the same in lead, and castelling with stone. 1714 T. Hearne Ductor Historicus (ed. 3) I. iii. 449 The first Cistern Castled with Stone was the great Conduit in West-Cheap. †2. To ornament with battlements or in imitation of a castle. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [verb (transitive)] > turret or castellate castlec1386 vent1531 turret1636 castellate1840 c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋371 Bake metes and dish metes..peynted and castelled with papir. 3. Chess. a. intransitive. To bring the castle or rook up to the square next the king, and move the king to the other side of the castle. Also said of the king. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [verb (intransitive)] > tactics to make a queen1562 neck1597 castle1656 attack1735 retake1750 rook1850 1656 F. Beale tr. G. Greco Royall Game Chesse-play 8 He [the king] may change (or Castle) with this Rooke, that is, he may goe two draughts at once towards this Rooke..causing the Rooke to stand next to him on either side. 1820 Hoyle's Games Improved 210 If you have your choice on which side to castle. 1847 H. Staunton Chess-player's Handbk. 19 If he castle on the Queen's side, he plays his King to Q.B.'s square, and Q.'s rook to Q.'s sq. The object of this compound move is generally to place the royal Piece in safety, and at the same time bring the Rook..into better play. ?1870 F. Hardy & J. R. Ware Mod. Hoyle , Chess 38 He can move only one square at a time except when he castles, which he may do once during each game. b. transitive. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [verb (transitive)] > tactics to shut up1474 to take upc1475 neck1597 catch1674 to discover check1688 attack1735 retreat1744 fork1745 pin1745 retake1750 guard1761 interpose1761 castle1764 retract1777 to take (a pawn) en passant1818 capture1820 decline1847 cook1851 undouble1868 unpin1878 counter1890 fidate1910 sacrifice1915 fianchetto1927 1764 R. Lambe Hist. Chess 97 After you have opened your Game a little, and castled your King, bring out your Pieces. 1820 Hoyle's Games Improved 202 Castle your king as soon as convenient. 1868 C. R. Markham in Macmillan's Mag. No. 103. 87/2 The Abyssinian is allowed time to castle his king and take the pieces. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1000v.c1386
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castlen.

Compounds

Draft additions July 2011

Draft additions June 2016

Draft additions March 2022

castlev.