Cathayn.

Brit.

/(ˌ)kaˈθeɪ/,

/kəˈθeɪ/, U.S.

/kəˈθeɪ/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin Cataia, Cathaia.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin Cataia, Cataya, Cathaia, Cathay, the name of a region in what is now northern China and Mongolia, also used to denote China as a whole (from the 13th cent. in British and continental sources) < Persian Ḵatā (formerly Ḵaṭāy, Ḵatāy), denoting the same region, as well as the Kara Khitai empire (11th cent., later also used to denote China as a whole), ultimately < Khitan Kitan, self-designation of a nomadic people from north-east Asia, who established the Liao dynasty in what is now northern China and Mongolia (from the 10th to early 12th cent.), and subsequently the Kara Khitai empire in Central Asia (from the early 12th to the early 13th cent.).Forms with -a- in the first syllable perhaps arose in Persian as an alternative interpretation of the Turkic back vowel -ı-. The formal divergence of the second syllable from that shown by Khitan Kitan probably reflects a phonological change of final -ń to -i in a Turkic language (Old Uighur or Karakhanid) through which the name of the Khitans would have been transmitted into the languages of Central Asia prior to the establishment of the Kara Khitai empire; compare Old Turkic (runiform) Qıtań the Khitans (8th cent.), Old Uighur Qıtay, denoting the region in northern China (early 11th cent.), Karakhanid Ḫıṭāy the Khitans (11th cent.). Compare Chinese Qìdān, denoting the people, and also Qìdānguó, literally ‘Qidan country’ (both already in early Middle Chinese), Middle Mongolian Kitan (attested as the plural Kitat, Kitad), the name of the people, also used to denote the region, and also Russian Kitaj China (15th cent.). Compare post-classical Latin Kitai, denoting the people, reinterpreted as a Latin plural form with the plural suffix -i (1246 in nigri Kitai ‘Black Khitans’, after a form in a Turkic language: compare Old Uighur Qara Qıtay, the name of the Kara Khitai empire, literally ‘Black Khitai’ (13th cent.)). Compare the following early uses of the place name in English contexts:?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 169 The kyngdom of Cathay marcheth toward the west vnto the kyngdom of Tharse.1565 A. Jenkinson Petition to Queen in E. D. Morgan & C. H. Coote Early Voy. Russia & Persia (1886) I. 162 This Region of Cathaye.1576 H. Gilbert (title) A discovrse of a discouerie for a new passage to Cataia.a1625 J. Fletcher Womans Prize iv. v, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ppppp3^v/2 I'le wish you in the Indies, or Cataya.

archaic (chiefly poetic and literary).

China, viewed as a place of exotic mystery and richness. By extension used allusively as the type of an exotic or faraway place.Cathay was the usual pace name in English in the 15th and 16th centuries; from the beginning of the 17th cent. it came to be superseded by China, and by the end of the century that process was complete (see etymology for examples of this simple place-name use). The archaic and highly connotative strand of poetic use then developed during the 18th century.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Far East > [noun] > China

Middle Kingdom1662

Middle Empire1698

Cathay1744

the Celestial Empire1824

Flowery Land1847

1744 J. Thomson Winter in Seasons (new ed.) 226 The Caravan Bends to the golden Coast of rich Cathay, With News of Human-kind.

1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XII ix. 9 The ship From Ceylon, Inde, or far Cathay, unloads.

1859 Harper's Mag. May 759/1 Atlantis, Cathay, and El Dorado are peopled now with beings of flesh and blood.

1878 J. Miller Songs of Sierras & Sunlands (rev. ed.) 5 Where the winds come in from the far Cathay With odour of spices and balm and bay.

1953 E. A. Engel Haunted Heroes of Eugene O'Neill ii. 98 He therefore begins to dream of Cathay and of the Fountain of Youth.

1981 B. T. Spencer Patterns of Nationality ii. 197 To reach a Cathay of spiritual harmony.

Phrases

cycle of Cathay n. a period of time which is long-lasting but during which little changes.Probably influenced by the idea of the sexagenary cycle (see sexagenary cycle n. at sexagenary adj. and n. Compounds). Some examples may refer directly to this cycle and mean ‘a period of sixty years’ (e.g. quot. 1925).

ΚΠ

1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 110 Thro' the shadow of the world we sweep into the younger day: Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay.

1886 N. Amer. Rev. Feb. 194 Two hundred and fifty years have gone by, and the world has made more progress in that time, we are told, than in many cycles of Cathay.

1925 Amer. Mercury Aug. 480/2 In the seventy-five years of San Francisco's existence there was more fulgurous life than in three cycles of Cathay.

1969 E. L. Jones & S. J. Woolf Agrarian Change & Econ. Devel. 1 Their political histories are cycles of Cathay, the sagas of dynasty after dynasty interrupted only by conquests or palace revolutions.

2012 J. Kelly Graves are Walking vi. 95 The board's workday proceeded with the deliberateness of a Cycle of Cathay.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	cathay
释义	Cathayn. Brit. /(ˌ)kaˈθeɪ/, /kəˈθeɪ/, U.S. /kəˈθeɪ/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin Cataia, Cathaia. Etymology: < post-classical Latin Cataia, Cataya, Cathaia, Cathay, the name of a region in what is now northern China and Mongolia, also used to denote China as a whole (from the 13th cent. in British and continental sources) < Persian Ḵatā (formerly Ḵaṭāy, Ḵatāy), denoting the same region, as well as the Kara Khitai empire (11th cent., later also used to denote China as a whole), ultimately < Khitan Kitan, self-designation of a nomadic people from north-east Asia, who established the Liao dynasty in what is now northern China and Mongolia (from the 10th to early 12th cent.), and subsequently the Kara Khitai empire in Central Asia (from the early 12th to the early 13th cent.).Forms with -a- in the first syllable perhaps arose in Persian as an alternative interpretation of the Turkic back vowel -ı-. The formal divergence of the second syllable from that shown by Khitan Kitan probably reflects a phonological change of final -ń to -i in a Turkic language (Old Uighur or Karakhanid) through which the name of the Khitans would have been transmitted into the languages of Central Asia prior to the establishment of the Kara Khitai empire; compare Old Turkic (runiform) Qıtań the Khitans (8th cent.), Old Uighur Qıtay, denoting the region in northern China (early 11th cent.), Karakhanid Ḫıṭāy the Khitans (11th cent.). Compare Chinese Qìdān, denoting the people, and also Qìdānguó, literally ‘Qidan country’ (both already in early Middle Chinese), Middle Mongolian Kitan (attested as the plural Kitat, Kitad), the name of the people, also used to denote the region, and also Russian Kitaj China (15th cent.). Compare post-classical Latin Kitai, denoting the people, reinterpreted as a Latin plural form with the plural suffix -i (1246 in nigri Kitai ‘Black Khitans’, after a form in a Turkic language: compare Old Uighur Qara Qıtay, the name of the Kara Khitai empire, literally ‘Black Khitai’ (13th cent.)). Compare the following early uses of the place name in English contexts:?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 169 The kyngdom of Cathay marcheth toward the west vnto the kyngdom of Tharse.1565 A. Jenkinson Petition to Queen in E. D. Morgan & C. H. Coote Early Voy. Russia & Persia (1886) I. 162 This Region of Cathaye.1576 H. Gilbert (title) A discovrse of a discouerie for a new passage to Cataia.a1625 J. Fletcher Womans Prize iv. v, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ppppp3^v/2 I'le wish you in the Indies, or Cataya. archaic (chiefly poetic and literary). China, viewed as a place of exotic mystery and richness. By extension used allusively as the type of an exotic or faraway place.Cathay was the usual pace name in English in the 15th and 16th centuries; from the beginning of the 17th cent. it came to be superseded by China, and by the end of the century that process was complete (see etymology for examples of this simple place-name use). The archaic and highly connotative strand of poetic use then developed during the 18th century. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Far East > [noun] > China Middle Kingdom1662 Middle Empire1698 Cathay1744 the Celestial Empire1824 Flowery Land1847 1744 J. Thomson Winter in Seasons (new ed.) 226 The Caravan Bends to the golden Coast of rich Cathay, With News of Human-kind. 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XII ix. 9 The ship From Ceylon, Inde, or far Cathay, unloads. 1859 Harper's Mag. May 759/1 Atlantis, Cathay, and El Dorado are peopled now with beings of flesh and blood. 1878 J. Miller Songs of Sierras & Sunlands (rev. ed.) 5 Where the winds come in from the far Cathay With odour of spices and balm and bay. 1953 E. A. Engel Haunted Heroes of Eugene O'Neill ii. 98 He therefore begins to dream of Cathay and of the Fountain of Youth. 1981 B. T. Spencer Patterns of Nationality ii. 197 To reach a Cathay of spiritual harmony. Phrases cycle of Cathay n. a period of time which is long-lasting but during which little changes.Probably influenced by the idea of the sexagenary cycle (see sexagenary cycle n. at sexagenary adj. and n. Compounds). Some examples may refer directly to this cycle and mean ‘a period of sixty years’ (e.g. quot. 1925). ΚΠ 1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 110 Thro' the shadow of the world we sweep into the younger day: Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay. 1886 N. Amer. Rev. Feb. 194 Two hundred and fifty years have gone by, and the world has made more progress in that time, we are told, than in many cycles of Cathay. 1925 Amer. Mercury Aug. 480/2 In the seventy-five years of San Francisco's existence there was more fulgurous life than in three cycles of Cathay. 1969 E. L. Jones & S. J. Woolf Agrarian Change & Econ. Devel. 1 Their political histories are cycles of Cathay, the sagas of dynasty after dynasty interrupted only by conquests or palace revolutions. 2012 J. Kelly Graves are Walking vi. 95 The board's workday proceeded with the deliberateness of a Cycle of Cathay. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1744
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