This measurement depends on the size of the particle core, the size of surface structures, particle concentration, and the type of ions in the medium.

Measurements such as, pressure field, energy budgets, vertical particle concentration and accurate deposit heights are a few to mention.

In the early 1980s it was found that it was advantageous to decrease the particle concentration down to levels where individual particles could be observed.

The glass particles slowed or curtailed yeast growth as a function of increasing particle concentration.

In-car particle concentrations are 27 times higher than in a smoker's home.