People are born with a negative self-image.

However, they are also likely to accept and internalize the continuous negative feedback, creating a negative self-image that becomes self-reinforcing.

The participants who had a negative self-image did not benefit from attack therapy.

Negative self-images can arise from a variety of factors.

Medical patients appear more likely to forget such frightening experiences than pleasant ones, or may be more reluctant to share negative self-images and memories than positive ones with researchers.