By using molecular genetic techniques to modify the gene encoding the major vault protein, vault proteins have been produced with chemically active peptides attached to their sequence.

Third, in the 1990s scientists began to modify the genes of plants.

By modifying a gene coding for spore color, the biologist can study crossing over and other phenomena.

It also includes modifying the genes of a protected animal if this causes the animal pain, suffering, distress, or lasting harm.