Cerebrovascular insufficiency, i.e. insufficient blood flow to the brain, may manifest itself as memory deficit, disturbed concentration or headaches.

Long-term injuries are usually neurological in nature, including memory deficit, sleep disturbance, chronic pain, and chronic dizziness.

Additionally, motivational mechanisms may also account for this memory deficit in groups due to social loafing.

Studies have shown that even slight dehydration slows the rate at which nutrients can enter the brain, producing short-term memory deficits and reasoning difficulties, among other cognitive woes.

Researchers also expanded the study of working memory, central executive, and further research on memory deficits and learning.