Cold weather was thought to bring some respite from malarial mosquitoes and the fleas that spread the plague.

The problem was the terrain - mountainous, sweltering jungle penetrated only by narrow tracks and infested with leeches and malarial mosquitoes.

The 5 insecticide-treated net cocooning his bed will stop more malarial mosquitoes biting him.

And things don't get much better as he struggles to find clean water, malarial mosquitoes make sleeping impossible and there are snakes everywhere.

The shallow waters meant that malarial mosquitoes prospered.

Antimalarial products vary depending on where you are going, because malarial parasites differ from country to country - no one medication suits every destination.

Among protozoan endoparasites, such as the malarial parasites and trypanosomes, infective stages in the hosts blood are transported to new hosts by biting-insects, or vectors.

Quinine and chloroquine affect malarial parasites only at life stages when the parasites are forming hematin-pigment (hemozoin) as a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation.

He went back to procure the bird itself and later found that the blood sample contained highly active malarial parasites.

This was a conclusive evidence that malarial parasites were indeed transmitted by mosquitoes.