She's also introduced two-in-one footwear that combines an insulated boot with a cosy sock-type inner layer.

When the inner layer shrinks, it rings itself out, and the water leaks out of the micron pores.

The inner layer of the antenna contains nanotubes with a small bandgap, and those in the outer layer have a big bandgap.

The sensor has three layers: two outer gold rings, and an inner layer of a bioresponsive material that’s sensitive to glucose, salt and alcohol.

That has meant withdrawing its machines - retinal imaging devices that can map 80 per cent of the inner layer of the eye - from locations where they are underused.