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单词 initial
释义
initial
(ɪnɪʃəl )
Word forms: initials , initialling , initialled regional note:   in AM, use initialing, initialed
1. adjective [ADJECTIVE noun] B2
You use initial to describe something that happens at the beginning of a process.
The initial reaction has been excellent.
The aim of this initial meeting is to clarify the issues.
Synonyms: opening, first, early, earliest  
2. countable noun [usually plural, oft poss NOUN] B1+
Initials are the capital letters which begin each word of a name. For example, if your full name is Michael Dennis Stocks, your initials will be M. D.S.
...a silver Porsche car with her initials JB on the side.
3. verb
If someone initials an official document, they write their initials on it, for example to show that they have seen it or that they accept or agree with it.
Would you mind initialing this voucher? [VERB noun]
The agreement was initialled in June. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: sign, endorse, subscribe, autograph  
Collocations:
initial agreement
Under the initial agreement with the authorities, the state oil company had the right to acquire the stake on the same terms.
Times, Sunday Times
The configuration of liaison teams was established in the initial agreement and remained in place throughout the life of the programme.
Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0
While an initial agreement with prosecutors would have sent her to prison for 17 years, the judge sentenced her to 22 years in prison.
Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0
The initial agreement was to form a party with 150 members and dissolve it after elections in 1998.
Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0
Despite the initial agreement the website mainly provided details of the schedule and programming, as well as the latest cinema releases and limited film news.
Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0
initial interview
Retention of staff starts early: even before an initial interview, according to some commentators.
Times, Sunday Times
Fortunately, we had taped the initial interview with him for a member of the committee who was absent.
Christianity Today
The defence, having seen this initial interview, could then request a further video-interview to put the questions that they wish to ask.
Times, Sunday Times
After a six-month wait for an initial interview with social workers, the couple - an editor, and a corporate manager - were recommended to go forward to a three-day course on adoption.
Times, Sunday Times
He made it through the initial interview, but was not passed on to the next round.
Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0
initial investigation
After its initial investigation, the commission said it considered that the remaining competitors would not pose a sufficient competitive constraint on the new enlarged company.
Times, Sunday Times
An initial investigation of his company's computer systems appeared to confirm that the emails had not been sent elsewhere, the court was told.
Times,Sunday Times
It admitted a 'mistake' in its initial investigation and agreed to refund the full amount.
Times, Sunday Times
The initial investigation should be sufficiently rigorous to satisfy those requirements where possible.
Times, Sunday Times
After the initial investigation five suspects were arrested but never convicted.
Times, Sunday Times
initial investment
And he insisted the initial investment can pay huge long-term dividends.
The Sun (2016)
In some cases this reflects the limited nature of the initial investment.
Tom Cannon Basic Marketing. Principles and Practice (1986)
Investors will get something back but it is likely to be well below that of their initial investment.
Times, Sunday Times (2009)
To discover the delights of flow, you must make some initial investment of effort.
Paul Martin MAKING HAPPY PEOPLE (2005)
Now let us look at how rapidly each project pays back its initial investment.
Charles A. D'Ambrosio & Stewart D. Hodges & Richard Brealey & Stewart Myers Principles of Corporate Finance (1991)
initial letter
You can find out how your address's initial letter measures up with the table on the right.
The Sun
Taxpayers will have 60 days to respond to any initial letter detailing the fraud.
Times, Sunday Times
If you can say the initials as a word, use upper initial letter and lower for the rest.
Times, Sunday Times
In her initial letter, she said all overseas aid spending needed to be 'high quality and well targeted'.
Times, Sunday Times
That gave him the initial letter of a second, which in turn gave him the final answer.
Times, Sunday Times
initial meeting
After an initial meeting with critics, the elders asked me not to be involved with the dispute.
Christianity Today
They shouldn't charge for an initial meeting, so you can find out more about what they offer and their costs.
Times, Sunday Times
If after this initial meeting, they want to continue things to a more serious level, then both families support them.
The Sun
After an initial meeting with both parties, many counselors find it wise to meet with each person separately.
Christianity Today
After insisting on an initial meeting, she began treating him - and then they started dating.
The Sun
initial offer
It refused point-blank to reconsider its initial offer and, as you have not accepted it, even this has now been withdrawn.
Times, Sunday Times
But the club's initial offer has been rejected and talks have reached standstill.
The Sun
But be careful you do not attach too much importance to the initial offer.
The Sun
Their initial offer was pitched at 720p per share, but a deal was not agreed until they reached 800p.
Times, Sunday Times
Nervy buyers do not want to pay over the odds when the property's value may have fallen farther since they made the initial offer.
Times, Sunday Times
initial payment
The deal comprises an initial payment of $5.5 million, followed by three guaranteed payments of $1.5 million.
Times, Sunday Times
The simple solution: add the amount to cover one to six days, whichever applicable, case by case, in the initial payment.
Times, Sunday Times
Were funds ready and available for the second part of the ransom after someone made an initial payment of $330,000?
Christianity Today
The company said it will issue 4.95 million shares for the initial payment.
Times, Sunday Times
The two bankers received about $27 million upfront, with an initial payment of $24 million in shares and $3 million in cash.
Times, Sunday Times
initial period
But during the initial period, the rich world will suffer from trade deficits and the accumulation of debt.
George Monbiot THE AGE OF CONSENT (2003)
The credit card option would mean you pay less for the initial period, although in the long run you will be paying more.
Times, Sunday Times (2008)
They are less labour intensive and have long lives at low recurrent cost once the initial period of capital spending is over.
Hirst, Paul After Thatcher (1989)
initial phase
All that dependability evaporated during his initial phase as a full international, however.
Times, Sunday Times
If they win the league, that initial phase, which contained features sustained all season, will prove vital.
Times, Sunday Times
It said that the initial phase of the inquiry would take several months.
Times, Sunday Times
This would have seen 12 games in the initial phase and a ring-fenced structure involving promotion and relegation for the initial elite.
The Sun
Both were evident in the game's initial phase.
Times, Sunday Times
initial plan
My initial plan was to load the album on headphones, but it's a bit skanky to keep passing those round.
Times, Sunday Times
His initial plan had been to swim 1km in open water in about twenty minutes.
Times,Sunday Times
The initial plan was for students to be graded using their teachers' predictions, moderated by an algorithm.
Times,Sunday Times
Estimates suggest that the budget increased from the initial plan of $12 billion (about 7.8 billion) to a grotesque $50 billion.
Times, Sunday Times
I started to realise that my initial plan - to write between 15 and 30 books a year - might need a bit of a rethink.
Times, Sunday Times
initial proposal
Following the rejection of the initial proposal, your neighbour probably employed a planning consultant to submit an application for the certificate of lawfulness.
Times, Sunday Times
Their initial proposal was for a so-called annual 'mansion' tax of 1% on houses worth more than 2m, paid on the value of the property above that level.
Times, Sunday Times
The initial proposal, already funded, included seven beamlines.
canada.com
The initial proposal projects there will be 245,919 trips annually.
Houston Chronicle
The planners rejected the initial proposal over concerns about the trees.
Times, Sunday Times
initial reaction
What was your initial reaction?
The Sun (2016)
If your initial reaction is that there is no place for glitch in your wardrobe, I understand.
Times, Sunday Times (2016)
He has said that his initial reaction was disappointment.
Times, Sunday Times (2012)
The coming war took most Europeans by surprise and their initial reaction was disbelief and shock.
Times, Sunday Times (2013)
Wearing a blue sweatshirt, his initial reaction as he was brought to the dock was to sit down.
The Sun (2012)
initial release
It was a financial flop during its initial release, of course, losing $130,000 (a huge blow in 1956).
Times, Sunday Times
Remarkably, given the standing the film now enjoys, it flopped on its initial release.
Times, Sunday Times
The label has grown from its initial release of 750 cases in 2001 to just under 10,000 cases.
Smithsonian Mag
The film did only modest business on its initial release, but found a new audience on television and video.
Times, Sunday Times
By looking at the chemistry of the ruthenium compounds, they established that there had to have been considerable energy produced in the initial release, probably from a 'fire or explosion'.
Times, Sunday Times
initial reluctance
While there is initial reluctance, after a while pupils tell their teachers it's their favourite day of the week.
The Sun (2015)
They did, despite initial reluctance.
Times, Sunday Times (2010)
After this initial reluctance he gradually began using the cards and now writes notes regularly.
Christianity Today (2000)
initial report
His initial report on how criminal legal aid should be procured proposes a market approach.
Times, Sunday Times
Then they changed the initial report and said two legs.
The Sun
An initial report, published last month, suggested that this could save a massive 420 million a year in fees.
Times, Sunday Times
Its initial report made clear that it would focus on 'the range of aircraft systems that could influence engine operation'.
Times, Sunday Times
An initial report into the accident found a set of points was faulty near the crash site.
The Sun
initial request
Major retailers had until late last week to reply to the commission's initial request for information.
Times, Sunday Times
It had 30 days to respond to the initial request for information.
Times, Sunday Times
After the initial request, an appeal can be filed with the agency by the requester.
Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0
The initial request has increased the chance that the individual will grant the second one.
Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0
The initial request was rejected on multiple grounds.
Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0
initial resistance
Despite initial resistance from students and teachers alike, many of the ideas prove mildly helpful.
Times, Sunday Times
As might be expected, we met some initial resistance as we changed from a rather formal and liturgical form of worship to a more open, spontaneous, and inclusive form.
Christianity Today
There was initial resistance from some local authorities, police authorities, prosecuting solicitors in their employ and police officers.
Times, Sunday Times
After initial resistance, players and backroom staff now accept the deadline.
The Sun
However, it took some time to overcome initial resistance to the doctrine.
Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0
initial response
Her initial response comes as a shock to me.
Times, Sunday Times
The initial response of 'non' evolved into 'oui' after a month of sweet-talking.
Times, Sunday Times
My initial response on reading this was to want to demand a refund.
Times, Sunday Times
Instead, future policies could seek to redress the inequalities created by its initial response.
Times,Sunday Times
The initial response when they arrived in the office was bafflement.
Times, Sunday Times
initial result
If that confirms the initial result, she faces a lifetime ban.
The Sun
Each said yes and each would pay 1,000 to have the initial result confirmed.
Times, Sunday Times
The initial result was a four-axle low-floor design that would have been suitable for automatic fare collection.
Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0
The initial result was a victory for the anti-responsible government party, which won 14 of the 24 seats.
Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0
The campaign group published initial results of the research, which has yet to be peer reviewed.
Times,Sunday Times
initial review
An initial review of the sales revealed that 87 per cent were unsuitable.
Times, Sunday Times
Each forensic case has three stages: the initial review, when the scientist decides on tests to be undertaken, the laboratory examination/analysis and, finally, interpretation of results.
Times, Sunday Times
The bank has carried out an initial review of more than 60 per cent of those requests and the conversion rate into valid claims remains at about 10 per cent.
Times,Sunday Times
They have already told us that, on their initial review, there are serious problems with the panel's reasoning.
Globe and Mail
Paying for young adult grandchildren to have an initial review with an independent financial adviser can get them thinking about goals.
Times, Sunday Times
initial run
It will have an initial run of 100,000 a year.
The Sun
These questions kept fans waiting with bated breath for each new episode during its initial run.
ST
An initial run of 3,000 has almost sold out.
Times, Sunday Times
The initial run on the rouble was expected to hurt the economy, given its dependence on foreign credit.
Times, Sunday Times
An initial run of 10,000 sold out within four days and the offer has been extended to 15,000 fans.
Times, Sunday Times
initial search
After an initial search by police, the crime scene was left unguarded and open to the elements for two days before it was scrutinised properly.
Times, Sunday Times (2014)
After an initial search, police left the crime scene unguarded and open to rain, tides and curious visitors.
Times, Sunday Times (2014)
After an initial search, the stretch of beach where the bodies were found was left unguarded and open to rain, tides and curious visitors.
Times, Sunday Times (2014)
initial shock
Her mother's initial shock and bewilderment turned to outrage as details of the crash emerged.
Times, Sunday Times (2012)
Leonov, having got over the initial shock of seeing Kolchinsky, smiled coldly.
MacNeill, Alistair ALASTAIR MCLEAN'S 'NIGHT WATCH' (2002)
After the initial shock and upset, you have to be philosophical and get on with things.
Times, Sunday Times (2006)
This time, the initial shock turned to resignation as I just expected the next blow.
Times, Sunday Times (2006)
Once the initial shock of the collapse wears off, this crisis presents a fresh opportunity.
Times, Sunday Times (2009)
initial step
His initial step was one of simple, bold imaginative engagement.
The Times Literary Supplement (2010)
The initial step in any piece of knitting is to make the first stitch on one needle.
Times, Sunday Times (2013)
An initial step involves the description of the commutative rings having only one proper subring.
David E. Dobbs 2016, 'On the Commutative Rings with At Most Two Proper Subrings', International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences
initial success
He started by placing a small amount of money, but after an apparent initial success he was convinced to put more in.
Times,Sunday Times
However, after some initial success, his campaign stalled this year.
Times, Sunday Times
For a large number, their initial success was followed by periods of slow growth, and sometimes internal strife.
Times, Sunday Times
As with any new approach to treating a medical condition, initial success raises more questions than it answers.
Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0
After initial success, the fund generated abysmal investment returns far short of the market.
Times,Sunday Times
initial symptoms
Yet for those who survive, overcoming their initial symptoms of malnutrition will not necessarily spare them over the course of their lives.
Times, Sunday Times
These initial symptoms are typically followed by an intense throbbing head pain, nausea and vomiting.
Times, Sunday Times
Initial symptoms may be mild for healthy young adults.
The Sun
Initial symptoms include fever, cough, tightness of the chest and shortness of breath.
The Sun
Initial symptoms tend to start gradually and can be marked by a deterioration in grammar and inability to understand complex sentences.
Times,Sunday Times
initial test
An initial test by paramedics had come back negative.
The Sun
After the initial test costs, customers of both providers are encouraged to buy follow-up products.
Times, Sunday Times
That initial test day seems a long, long time ago now.
The Sun
The group who watched the teacher using hand gestures got higher scores in the initial test and actually improved their scores in the second test.
Times, Sunday Times
The initial test will come after the summer break, when demonstrators are planning an 'autumn of action'.
Times, Sunday Times
initials stand for
Despite spending millions of pounds they have delivered exactly what their initials stand for.
The Sun
What do these computer-related initials stand for?
Times, Sunday Times
The initials stand for a bacterium that produces a protein toxic to insects but not to people.
Times, Sunday Times
These initials stand for twenty-foot equivalent unit, and forty-foot equivalent unit, respectively.
Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0
He said that he would reveal what his initials stand for at the final banquet.
Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0
middle initial
A lonely middle initial on a credit card?
Times, Sunday Times
The writer of the signature appears to have known his middle initial.
Times, Sunday Times
Democrats complained that this system can disqualify voters based on nothing more than a missing middle initial.
Times, Sunday Times
Does this have to be done again without the middle initial?
Houston Chronicle
Enter surname first, then the given name and middle initial, if any.
Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0
Translations:
Chinese: 最初的, 草签
Japanese: 最初の, 頭文字で署名する
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更新时间:2024/9/21 22:11:01