They had to show that the machinery directive required member states to provide express statutory remedies for purchasers of defective machinery in order properly to implement the directive.

In the 2010 act, parliament sought to implement the directive specifically in relation to police officers.

The majority of member states have yet to implement this directive.

The member states had to implement the directive in two steps.

The gist of the finding was that when a state has failed to implement a directive as required, that state should not be allowed to benefit from the failure.