After the popularization of the printing press starting in the 1450s, the handwritten version continued in handwritten form as a means to annotate printed documents.

Academies of scholars sponsored by the empire were formed to comment on the classics in both printed and handwritten form.

Handwritten forms, or ones that have had the calculation done separately and did not rely on the government's maths, are unaffected.

Moving between three countries necessitates border controls involving zealous use of handwritten forms and carbon paper.

Gradually these strokes were reduced to dots in some handwriting, and as early as the 16th century we find this handwritten form being transferred sporadically to printed texts too.