He said the scale of the trade was increasing dramatically and needed a global alliance to stop it.

Blacksmith began coordinating an international effort to create a global alliance in 2008.

For these to be achieved, global alliances, should be set up and action in these areas closely monitored.

Over the past few years an increasing number of global alliances have formed between international unions.

As carriers co-operate more within global alliances, those differences are preventing the carriers from achieving economies of scale that would come with common equipment and training.