单词 | enzyme |
释义 | enzyme (enzaɪm ) Word forms: enzymes countable noun An enzyme is a chemical substance that is found in living creatures which produces changes in other substances without being changed itself. [technical] The two variations of the gene for this enzyme can slow or quicken caffeine metabolism. Collocations: enzyme activity Protein acylation may modify enzyme activity, typically inhibiting it. 2016, 'The Role of Mitochondrial Non-Enzymatic Protein Acylation in Ageing.', PLoS ONE Returning the mussels to water after exposure to air affected enzyme activity in a manner similar to anaerobiosis. 1997, 'Modification of pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in foot muscle of the sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis under anaerobiosis and recovery', Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research The enzyme activity was inhibited by sulfhydryl agent, chelating agent, and metal ion. 2016, 'Novel NAD+-Farnesal Dehydrogenase from Polygonum minus Leaves. Purification and Characterization of Enzyme in Juvenile Hormone III Biosynthetic Pathway in Plant', PLOS ONE It has been shown to dimerize in the cellular environment, which augments its enzyme activity. 2013, 'Ack1: Activation and Regulation by Allostery', PLoS ONE Heteroatom-rich organoboron compounds are promising modulators of enzyme activity. 2017, 'Multicomponent mapping of boron chemotypes furnishes selective enzyme inhibitors', Nature Communications Aminopterin works as an enzyme inhibitor by competing for the folate binding site of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Roundup uses an enzyme inhibitor, glyphosate, to block one of the steps of the shikimate pathway. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 He and his colleagues are attempting to create enzyme inhibitors by working backward from the enzyme. The Scientist Enzyme inhibitors also occur naturally and are involved in the regulation of metabolism. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Other cellular enzyme inhibitors are proteins that specifically bind to and inhibit an enzyme target. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 So buff twice a week with a body scrub, and slough away dullness on your face with a gentle exfoliator containing fruit enzymes such as papain (from papaya). The Sun This clock-stopping facial uses super-strong glycolic acid (10-40 per cent depending on your skin type) and fruit enzymes to nibble away at dull, dead skin. The Sun Fruit enzymes are the key, allowing exfoliation at a biochemical level rather than by scouring your face off. Times, Sunday Times Two hand-held vibrating devices are used to gently graze my face, emitting sonic pulses to activate the fruit enzymes and enhance the penetration of ingredients. Times, Sunday Times Then there's yer fruit enzymes, which exist in things such as papaya. Times, Sunday Times In contrast, when measured using peptide substrates, denaturants inhibit the enzyme. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 However, mutagenesis studies have indicated that these residues are not individually essential for catalysis, as only mutations of two or more residues inhibit the enzyme. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Other cellular enzyme inhibitors are proteins that specifically bind to and inhibit an enzyme target. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Organophosphates inhibit an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase, causing a buildup of acetylcholine, excessive stimulation of all types of cholinergic neurons, and a wide range of symptoms. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 These chemical compounds inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, preventing the normal breakdown of neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Repeat exposure results in accumulation and increasing inhibition of the key enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Times, Sunday Times Biochemists come to know sections of this vast interplay of reactions intimately, often spending a professional lifetime describing a single key enzyme. The Scientist Research literature suggests that over-activity of glycogen synthase, the key enzyme in synthesizing glycogen, can lead to the formation of polyglucosans. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Further work on nucleotide metabolism allowed him to identify nucleoside phosphorylase, a key enzyme in nucleotide salvage pathways. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 During growth on methanol key enzymes of the methanol metabolism are present in high amounts. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 As many as 16 per cent of people are 'lactose intolerant' - they lack the enzyme necessary to break down milk. Times, Sunday Times People who lack this enzyme, like me, and who consume milk, quickly learn the meaning of lactose intolerance. Times, Sunday Times They lack the enzyme — lactase — to digest milk properly and so a dairy diet leaves them feeling ill and bloated. Times, Sunday Times Humans lack the enzyme chitinase, so can not fully digest raw mushrooms or their derivatives, and the digestive process works too fast for the stomach acid to take effect. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 His body lacked an enzyme that plays a crucial role in metabolism, resulting in an accumulation of toxic products in his organs and tissues. Times, Sunday Times Research suggests that silymarin, the active compound in milk thistle seeds, increases production of glutathione, a vital detoxing liver enzyme. Times, Sunday Times They lower cholesterol in the blood by limiting a liver enzyme which regulates its production. Times, Sunday Times The elevation of liver enzyme in the blood helps to establish a diagnosis. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Other reversible early effects noted were peripheral neuropathy and liver enzyme induction. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 It has liver enzyme inducing effects similar to those of phenobarbital but much weaker. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Enzyme replacement therapy involves replacing a missing enzyme in individuals who are deficient or lack the particular enzyme in question. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 An experiment was then carried out to see whether an injection of the missing enzyme into the hips would help the range of motion and pain. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Although the missing enzyme can be manufactured and given intravenously, it can not penetrate the bloodbrain barrier and therefore can not treat the neurological manifestations of the disease. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 It contains ectoin - a natural enzyme that protects skin. The Sun This new enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction not known to be catalyzed by any natural enzyme. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 I chose to create capsules filled with natural enzymes usually found in liver cells to help the body process the alcohol faster. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Reduce the work the pancreas has to do: ask your vet about enzyme supplements, probiotics in the food and a raw diet (full of natural enzymes). Times, Sunday Times Her research harnesses the power of natural enzymes to help image protein function in living cells. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 These bacteria produce an enzyme known as glucosyltransferase. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Blowfly maggots produce an enzyme that confers resistance to organochloride insecticides. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 They were looking for a gene that produces an enzyme called deiodonase-2, which helps to make thyroid hormone available within cells. Times, Sunday Times Well-trained muscle produces an enzyme that purges the body of harmful substances. Times, Sunday Times Bacteria from the gum disease gingivitis produces an enzyme which destroys brain nerve cells, leading to memory loss. The Sun Feather waste has been used in a number of industrial applications as a medium for culturing microbes, biodegradeable polymers, and production of enzymes. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The composition of the growth medium guides the microorganism's metabolism towards the production of enzymes that release bio-available single molecules such as sugars or amino acids by carving out macromolecules. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The disease progresses in concert with formation of granulation tissue at the edges of the synovial lining (pannus) with extensive angiogenesis and production of enzymes that cause tissue damage. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 It may secrete an enzyme to soften the wood before starting to dig with its foot. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Our digestive systems are perfectly capable of secreting enzymes that break down protein and carbohydrate simultaneously. Times, Sunday Times Normally they secrete enzymes onto their prey to digest them outside the body and then consume what's left as a kind of soup. Times, Sunday Times First, the hyphae secrete enzymes onto or into the food source, which break down biological polymers into smaller units such as monomers. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The plant then secretes enzymes which dissolve the insects and release the nutrients, which are then absorbed by the plant. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Translations: Chinese: 酶 Japanese: 酵素 |
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