Some research has tried to test some of the ideas involved and at least one donor agency issued a guidance note for its own programmes.

The first stage was to identify areas, aid recipients and donor agency capabilities.

Donor agency support to innovation covers a broad range of activities, including the creation of appropriate framework conditions for innovation, and the development of innovative capacities of companies.

Donor agencies have long been urged to give prominence in their aid packages to the need for population limitation.

In the initial years, donor agencies used to provide the bulk of capital at low rates.