Keyhole ensures that the fibres in the core muscles around the appendix are largely bypassed, to minimal disruptive effect.

Different pupils might be taken out at different times, thus increasing the disruptive effect exponentially.

It was more the disruptive effect of unauthorised absences.

This was, he wrote, because of 'the very disruptive effect that entertaining claims of actual innocence would have on the need for finality in capital cases'.

By aggregating together, nonpolar molecules reduce the surface area exposed to water and minimize their disruptive effect.