If it’s a constitutional violation, it’s the obligation of our government to fashion a remedy.

The next year, 2000, a panel of three judges agreed and reversed the district court, while still finding a constitutional violation.

It should be replaced by a rule that allows the plaintiff to recover full damages when the constitutional violation was sufficient to cause them.

Finally, the court determined that the absence of probable cause as a constitutional violation was clearly established in law.

Due to a constitutional violation, four of those convicted of the fraud were later released as they were not initially charged with the offense.