| 单词 | cognitive |
| 释义 | cognitive (kɒgnɪtɪv ) adjective [ADJECTIVE noun] Cognitive means relating to the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things. [technical, formal] As children grow older, their cognitive processes become sharper. ...Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development. Collocations: cognitive deficit Working 40 hours a week was linked to a slightly smaller cognitive deficit, but working 55 hours or more seemed to be worse than being retired or unemployed. Times, Sunday Times This process may be considered as an expression of the intersubjectivity associated with a cognitive deficit regarding the capability to make sharp distinctions between other people and inanimate objects. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The researchers said that the study findings could be used to help treat cognitive deficits. Times, Sunday Times We have to recognize that they are more than just a diagnosis, more than just a clustering of cognitive deficits. Christianity Today The scientists found that exposure in pregnancy or before the age of four was linked to cognitive deficits. Times, Sunday Times There are also often unseen symptoms such as fatigue, numbness and cognitive difficulties. Times, Sunday Times The medical director of his primary care trust also raised concerns about his work as well as 'serious behavioural problems and cognitive difficulties'. The Sun That results in a wide range of cognitive difficulties, of impulse control, keeping attention. Times, Sunday Times The temporal lobe also appears to play a role in the condition, possibly causing cognitive difficulties. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Such symptoms include headache, cognitive difficulties, or visual changes. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Manganese poisoning has been linked to impaired motor skills and cognitive disorders. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 A decrease in estrogen levels can lead to osteoporosis, cognitive disorders, and can affect many important genes related to normal physiological function. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Her key contribution to psychiatry relates to her application of motivation theories to the treatment of cognitive disorders. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 There, the laboratory bridged their growing involvement in animal models of cognitive disorders with clinical studies. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 With her team, she works to understand normal brain development and the changes in that brain development that leads to cognitive disorders. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The newest research shows that it may also stop or slow cognitive dysfunction and provoke the growth of new brain cells. Times, Sunday Times These range from anxiety, sleep disturbance and cognitive dysfunction to cardiovascular and metabolic difficulties. Times,Sunday Times Cognitive dysfunction (disorientation) may occur with vestibular disorders. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Some people also report difficulty with swallowing, bowel and bladder abnormalities, numbness and tingling, and cognitive dysfunction. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Secondary symptoms may include high level cognitive dysfunction and subtle language problems. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The debate about the cognitive effects of television has persisted since its creation and proven difficult to resolve with hard evidence. Times,Sunday Times On the cognitive effects of learning computer programming. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Similarly, leukoencephalopathy induced by orally administered methotrexate for arthritis patients presents similar symptoms including ataxia, dysarthria, and seizures; however, long-term cognitive effects remain unknown. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Cognitive effects occur when communication technologies make salient particular aspects of personal or social identity. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Zolpidem causes an increased risk of falls and may induce adverse cognitive effects. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 However, there was no obvious improvement in cognitive function in the acarbose-donepezil group. 2018, 'Evaluation of Metformin on Cognitive Improvement in Patients With Non-dementia Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Abnormal Glucose Metabolism', Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience He had depression, poor cognitive function, choreiform movements, difficulty pronouncing words, and difficulty walking. 2009, 'Lumbar Puncture Alleviates Chorea in a Patient with Huntington's Disease and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus', Behavioural Neurology Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia causes neuron cell damage, resulting in impaired cognitive function. 2017, 'Ketogenic diet improves the spatial memory impairment caused by exposure to hypobaric hypoxia through increased acetylation of histones in rats', PLOS ONE All are shown in studies to boost the brain and improve cognitive functioning. The Sun New research has also shown that drinking three 500ml bottles of water a day in addition to normal fluids can improve cognitive functioning. Times, Sunday Times Aging people with college or postgraduate degrees, for instance, generally have better cognitive functioning, such as language and reasoning, than those with less education. The Scientist Studies suggest that nicotine can enhance cognitive functioning. Globe and Mail Unfortunately, most people just accept a decline in cognitive functioning as normal ageing. Times, Sunday Times Is disagreement with it a sign of cognitive impairment? Times, Sunday Times (2009) Obviously, this cognitive impairment is closely allied to and inseparable from emotional and relational difficulties. Eating Problems: A Feminist Psychoanalytic Treatment Model (1994) But GPs will only contact the informant of patients with signs of cognitive impairment. The Sun (2016) Mild cognitive impairment was formerly classified with benign memory loss of old age, or simply regarded as forgetfulness. Times, Sunday Times (2008) The interviewees were assessed to ensure that they could give meaningful answers and asked questions using standard health status, cognitive impairment and quality of life questionnaires. Times, Sunday Times (2008) It concluded that young people were more affected by 'cognitive load', or distraction. The Sun For this bracket, she claimed that matchmakers were advised to stick to 'low cognitive load' openers so the recipient doesn't have to 'think too hard'. Times, Sunday Times In particular, worked-examples provide instructions to reduce intrinsic cognitive load for the learner initially when there are few schemas are available. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 If the instruction fails to provide guidance, low-knowledge learners often resort to inefficient problem-solving strategies that overwhelm working memory and increase cognitive load. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 In the 1990s, cognitive load theory was applied in several contexts. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Uncanny stimuli may activate a cognitive mechanism that originally evolved to motivate the avoidance of potential sources of pathogens by eliciting a disgust response. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 My advice would be to use the cognitive mechanisms you can get from a cognitive behavioural therapist. Times,Sunday Times This work explored the cognitive mechanisms underlying cooperative behavior in public goods games and prisoner's dilemmas using a dual process framework. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 A concern with the neural substrates of impaired cognitive mechanisms links cognitive neuropsychiatry to the basic neuroscience. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 She studies the neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying human visual perception and cognition. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 He scurries from one to another, insisting on their enmeshment, whether it be ethology, cognitive neuroscience, evolutionary or developmental psychology, endocrinology or cultural anthropology. The Times Literary Supplement He trained as a moral philosopher, but now also slithers through the glamorous worlds of evolutionary biology and cognitive neuroscience. Times, Sunday Times His previous novels have engaged in depth with genetics, nuclear physics, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, cognitive neuroscience, oncology, ecology and commerce. The Times Literary Supplement It publishes empirical and theoretical articles on all topics in the field of cognitive neuroscience. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 This creates a new challenge for cognitive neuroscience to adapt to the real world practical requirements of educational learning. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Further investigations are needed to get a more complete sense of how temperature impacts cognitive performance. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 And those who improved their fitness levels between the ages of 15 and 18 significantly increased their cognitive performance in tests. Times, Sunday Times Older folk aged 55 to 80 showed improved cognitive performance over an eight-hour period after early physical activity. The Sun Air pollution can also increase infant mortality rates, prompt pre-term births and affect cognitive performance, the committee says. Times, Sunday Times Studies also suggest that skipping breakfast worsens cognitive performance. Times, Sunday Times And then, what was the cognitive process that allowed it actually to broadcast it? Times, Sunday Times (2013) Inadequate screencast design will cause strain to students' cognitive process which might impede learning. 2016, 'INSTRUCTIONAL SCREENCAST: A RESEARCH CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK', The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education The best evidence that cognitive processing becomes more efficient is that it gets steadily faster with age. The Developing Child (7th edn.) (1995) Sometimes studies are conducted to determine the nature of cognitive processing differences in a population. Advanced Educational Psychology For Educators, Researchers and Policymakers, (1995) The remaining variance could reflect suprathreshold distortion in the auditory pathways or nonauditory factors such as cognitive processing. 2016, 'Spectrotemporal Modulation Sensitivity as a Predictor of Speech-Reception Performance in Noise With Hearing Aids', Trends in Hearing He was a cognitive psychologist who rejected a view of learning as an accumulation of responses governed by environmental stimuli in favor of one governed by meaning, intention, and purpose. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 A cognitive psychologist might be interested in how the semantic similarity of word pairs in one list affects time to learn on a second list (the transfer task). Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 He stood out against the popular claims of cognitive psychologists concerning the centrality of non-logical heuristic principles in human cognition. Times, Sunday Times Cognitive psychologists are delving deeper into these phenomena with promising results. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 He has also widely engaged in joint research with computer scientists and philosophers and cognitive psychologists. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 He calls for a cognitive response based on his character, not our problem. Christianity Today Is interlimb transfer of force-field adaptation a cognitive response to the sudden introduction of load? Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 But only the extra-worked treadmill runners were better in the avoidance task, a skill that, according to neuroscientists, demands a more complicated cognitive response. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Others would argue that this cognitive response has been developed through the evolutionary development of the brain and its exposure to particular stimuli over long ages. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 This study indicates that lateral processing of emotions extends beyond the basic emotions to higher cognitive responses. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Most cognitive scientists would be bewildered by such a request. The Times Literary Supplement Meanwhile, more than 70 percent of cognitive scientists, who seek commonalities stemming from biology, thought otherwise. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Some especially naive forays by cognitive scientists into areas like evolutionary ethics or neuroaesthetics, didn't help. The Times Literary Supplement Developmental cognitive scientists like me are interested in how we make decisions about effort. Smithsonian Mag And cognitive scientists agree with her. Times, Sunday Times Are kinesic intelligence and mind-reading in fact not two aspects of the same cognitive skill? The Times Literary Supplement He found that for tasks that involved little cognitive skill, performance improved when researchers increased bonuses. Times, Sunday Times They also suggest it might be more e cient to wait until late adolescence to learn certain types of cognitive skill. Times, Sunday Times When adolescents start to develop the cognitive skill to understand others feeling and what they are thinking, also known as theory of mind. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Because horses require not only physical skill but also cognitive skill for achievement, riding reveals the strengths and weaknesses of the rider. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 You will be taught cognitive strategies to manage the 'toxic' intrusive thoughts as well as relaxation methods to manage your rising tide of anxiety. Times, Sunday Times For both strategic optimists and defensive pessimists, their respective cognitive strategies are adaptive and promote success. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 As the world and technology change, so to the apparatuses which organize it, and the cognitive strategies with which one can understand it. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Many dental providers outside of such clinics use similar behavioral and cognitive strategies to help patients reduce their fear. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 It could be defined as the ability to optimize or maximize performance through differential recruitment of brain networks and/or alternative cognitive strategies. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Further, my boss seemed intent on retraining me according to a certain cognitive style - that of the corporate world, from which he had recently come. Times, Sunday Times However, they, too, are criticised by scholars as containing an element of ability and so may not measure cognitive style alone. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Cognitive style differs from cognitive ability (or level), the latter being measured by aptitude tests or so-called intelligence tests. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Authoritarianism and its relationship with intuitive-experiential cognitive style and heuristic processing. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 These manifest as individual differences in intelligence, creativity, cognitive style, motivation and the capacity to process information, communicate, and relate to others. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Psychologists found that adolescents struggled when they had to hold a conversation at the same time as carrying out a cognitive task such as remembering a string of numbers. Times, Sunday Times This may affect performance on virtually any cognitive task. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 In each case subjects would repeat a word or number for several seconds, then perform the cognitive task using that word. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 In regard to extrinsic stress, the study focused on stress that was not related to cognitive task but was elicited by other situations. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Furthermore, the distinction between the categories can be seen as artificial since any given cognitive task may entail a number of processes. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Researchers measured the extent to which 150,000 people from different social classes overrated their performance in a cognitive test. Times, Sunday Times The results confirmed that lower cognitive test scores correlated with lower brain volumes in each area. Times, Sunday Times He said that people were likely to be more honest about any conditions they had if they were required to attend a centre for a cognitive test. Times, Sunday Times Previously the camera had lingered on the one word she had got wrong in an address that she had memorised hours, possibly days before, for a cognitive test. Times, Sunday Times Participants also completed a cognitive test. Times, Sunday Times But has all this emphasis on cognitive thinking led to a withering of our instincts, our powers of intuition? Times, Sunday Times Experimenting with the concepts of shape, space, time, and energy while moving without inhibition or cognitive thinking can create unique and innovative movement designs, spatial configuration, dynamics, and unpredictable rhythms. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The extent to which students acquire a range of social and cognitive thinking skills related to the proper usage of science and technology determines whether they are scientifically literate. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 We're now understanding how much intensive care and cognitive training can impact on the structure and functioning of young people's brains. Times, Sunday Times Then the volunteers were randomly allocated to either 'general health advice' or a detailed regimen of diet, exercise and cognitive training. Times, Sunday Times The exercises were a mix of aerobic and strength-building routines, several times a week, while cognitive training consisted of computer-based problem solving. Times, Sunday Times The intervention group received human-computer interaction-based comprehensive cognitive training for 24 weeks. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Cognitive training may focus on attention, speed of processing, neurofeedback, dual-tasking and perceptual training. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 |
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