High levels of debt have long been recognized as a causative factor for recessions.

A sporadic defect in the embryonic development has been suggested to be a causative factor.

Another causative factor may be an undetected urinary tract infection.

The relative importance of the various identified possible causative factors are also debated.

Thus, considerable evidence supports the role of tobacco-specific nitrosamines as important causative factors for cancers of the lung, pancreas, esophagus, and oral cavity in people who use tobacco products.