This compensates for density and temperature differences, which duct sound above or below a thermal layer by reflection.

A submarine can likewise monitor surface combatants by floating the tail of its array above a thermal layer while lurking below.

As the satellite enters the atmosphere, the thermal layer will produce an artificial aurora to give a signal of the satellite's re-entry.

Based on thermal layer stress the risk of crack formation exists.

Thermal layers, waterproof socks, waterproof gloves, windproof jacket, glasses, woolly hat, helmet and a slimy pair of dungarees with hefty padding in the private-parts area.