Here, you might say, the written record becomes testimony, akin to the testimony of the witness box.

The court has no way to assess these possibilities, except via the testimony of the witness reporting the hearsay.

When a party uses the testimony of a witness to show proof, the opposing party often attempts to impeach the witness.

However, the only proof that was required was the testimony of a witness.

It can only be obtained from the testimony of a witness or accused, or from a document.