The principles, which must be met by 2026, include use of slowergrowing breeds, a maximum stocking density of 30kg/m², natural light and space to perch and peck.

These rules cover maximum stocking density and time spent outside, and dairy farmers will need to match them if consumers are to keep the faith with free-range milk.

Management factors such as reducing stocking density and stress should be considered.

In the warm season, digit grass can withstand high trampling, high stocking density and 30 day rotations.

Good husbandry measures, such as high water quality, low stocking density, and no mixing of batches, help to reduce disease incidence.