Operating systems are a subclass of behavior systems, distinguished by inputs and outputs and the structuring of processes to achieve efficiency.

Its current emphasis places internal corporate dynamics as the way to achieve efficiency and profitability.

When players actions are hidden and noisy signals about their actions are observable (i.e., in the case of imperfect monitoring), there are two general ways to achieve efficiency.

The report assesses the public sector's progress in achieving efficiency gains of about 21.5 billion a year by 2008 and the 'reasonableness of the most recently reported gains'.

He calls it achieving efficiency gains.