Vehicle speed and radar measurement are rarely the same for this reason.

Scientists have developed software which analyses radar measurements to create a three-dimensional 'mosaic' of cloud regions.

As with all radar measurements, these rely on measuring the time taken for photons to be reflected from an object.

Although radar measurements do not detect visible light they can determine the distance and size of an object with a high degree of accuracy.

Satellite and radar measurements, e.g. of tornadoes, hurricanes, and air currents in the upper atmosphere, do not compete with records for surface measurements.