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单词 bureaucracy
释义
bu·reauc·ra·cy (by-rŏkrə-sē)
n. pl. bu·reauc·ra·cies
1.
a. Administration of a government chiefly through bureaus or departments staffed with nonelected officials.
b. The departments and their officials as a group: promised to reorganize the federal bureaucracy.
2.
a. Management or administration marked by hierarchical authority among numerous offices and by fixed procedures: The new department head did not know much about bureaucracy.
b. The administrative structure of a large or complex organization: a midlevel manager in a corporate bureaucracy.
3. An administrative system in which the need or inclination to follow rigid or complex procedures impedes effective action: innovative ideas that get bogged down in red tape and bureaucracy.

[French bureaucratie : bureau, office; see BUREAU + -cratie, rule (from Old French; see -CRACY).]
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更新时间:2025/1/8 15:13:21