单词 | bureaucracy |
释义 | bu·reauc·ra·cy (by-rŏkrə-sē) n. pl. bu·reauc·ra·cies 1. a. Administration of a government chiefly through bureaus or departments staffed with nonelected officials. b. The departments and their officials as a group: promised to reorganize the federal bureaucracy. 2. a. Management or administration marked by hierarchical authority among numerous offices and by fixed procedures: The new department head did not know much about bureaucracy. b. The administrative structure of a large or complex organization: a midlevel manager in a corporate bureaucracy. 3. An administrative system in which the need or inclination to follow rigid or complex procedures impedes effective action: innovative ideas that get bogged down in red tape and bureaucracy. [French bureaucratie : bureau, office; see BUREAU + -cratie, rule (from Old French; see -CRACY).] |
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