German family of steel and munitions manufacturers, including Friedrich (1787-1826), who founded the Krupp Works in Essen (1811), and his son Alfred (1812-1887), who there began the production of ordnance (c. 1847). Alfred's granddaughter Bertha (1886-1957) and her husband Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach (1870-1950) were important in the secret rearming of Germany after World War I.