1. Popularly known as Kashmir A region and former princely state of South Asia, in areas controlled by present-day India, Pakistan, and China. Part of the Mughal Empire after 1587, it was annexed by British India in 1846 and divided between India and Pakistan after fierce fighting (1947-1948). Both India and Pakistan continue to claim jurisdiction over most of Jammu and Kashmir, and India disputes China's occupation (since the 1950s) of the largely uninhabited eastern portion of the region.

2. A state of extreme northern India between Pakistan and China in the disputed region of the same name. Jammu and Srinagar are its capitals.