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单词 Indo-European root: wer-
释义
‌‌wer-2
Conventional base of various Indo-European roots; to turn, bend.
Derivatives include stalwart, weird, vertebra, wrath, wrong, wrestle, briar1, rhapsody, and worm.
  1. Root *wert‑, to turn, wind.
    1. Germanic *werth‑.
        1. -ward, from Old English -weard, toward (< "turned toward");
        2. inward, from Old English inweard, inward, from Germanic *inwarth, inward (*in, in; see en). Both (i) and (ii) from Germanic variant *warth.
      1. perhaps Germanic derivative *werthaz, "toward, opposite," hence "equivalent, worth." worth1; stalwart, from Old English weorth, worth, valuable, and derivative noun weorth, wierth, value.
    2. worth2, from Old English weorthan, to befall, from Germanic *werthan, to become (< "to turn into").
    3. Zero-grade form *wr̥t‑. weird, from Old English wyrd, fate, destiny (< "that which befalls one"), from Germanic *wurthi‑.
    4. versatile, verse1, version, versus, vertebra, vertex, vertigo, vortex; adverse, anniversary, avert, bouleversement, controversy, converse1, convert, dextrorse, divert, evert, extrorse, extroversion, extrovert, introrse, introvert, invert, malversation, obvert, peevish, pervert, prose, retrorse, revert, sinistrorse, subvert, tergiversate, transverse, universe, from Latin vertere, to turn, with its frequentative versāre, to turn, and passive versārī, to stay, behave (< "to move around a place, frequent").
    5. verst, from Russian versta, line, from Balto-Slavic *wirstā‑, a turn, bend.
  2. Root *wreit‑, to turn.
    1. wreath, from Old English writha, band (< "that which is wound around");
    2. writhe, from Old English wrīthan, to twist, torture;
    3. wrath, wroth, from Old English wrāth, angry (< "tormented, twisted"). a-c all from Germanic *wrīth‑, *wraith‑.
  3. Root *wergh‑, to turn.
    1. worry, from Old English wyrgan, to strangle, from Germanic *wurgjan.
    2. Nasalized variant *wrengh‑.
      1. wring, from Old English wringan, to twist, from Germanic *wreng‑;
        1. wrong, from Middle English wrong, wrong, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse *vrangr, rangr, curved, crooked, wrong;
        2. wrangle, from Middle English wranglen, to wrangle, from a Low German source akin to wrangeln, to wrestle. Both (i) and (ii) from Germanic *wrang‑.
  4. Root *werg‑, to turn.
    1. Nasalized variant form *wreng‑.
      1. wrench, from Old English wrencan, to twist;
      2. wrinkle, from Old English gewrinclian, to wind (ge‑, collective prefix; see kom). Both a and b from Germanic *wrankjan.
    2. verge2; converge, diverge, from Latin vergere, to turn, tend toward.
  5. Root *wreik‑, to turn.
      1. wry; awry, from Old English wrīgian, to turn, bend, go;
      2. wriggle, from Middle Low German wriggeln, to wriggle. Both a and b from Germanic *wrīg‑.
      1. wrist, from Old English wrist, wrist;
      2. gaiter, from Old French guietre, gaiter, from Frankish *wrist‑. Both a and b from Germanic *wristiz, from *wrihst‑.
    1. wrest, wrestle, from Old English wrǣstan, to twist, from secondary Germanic derivative *wraistjan.
    2. Possibly from this root are European words for heather.
      1. hypericin1, brusque, from Greek ereikē, tree heath (exact preform uncertain);
      2. Possibly o-grade form *wroik‑. briar1, brusque, from Late Latin brūcus, heather, from Gaulish *brūko‑.
  6. ribald, from Old High German rīban, to rub, copulate, from Germanic root *wrib‑.
  7. Root *werb‑, also *werbh‑, to turn, bend.
    1. warp, from Old English weorpan, to throw away, from Germanic *werp‑, *warp‑, "to fling by turning the arm.".
    2. reverberate, from Latin verber, whip, rod.
    3. verbena, vervain, from Latin verbēna, sacred foliage.
    4. Zero-grade form *wr̥b‑. rhabdomancy, rhabdovirus, from Greek rhabdos, rod.
    5. Nasalized variant form *wrembh‑. rhombus, from Greek rhombos, magic wheel, rhombus.
  8. Root *werp‑, to turn, wind.
    1. Metathesized form *wrep‑. wrap, from Middle English wrappen, to wrap, from a source akin to Danish dialectal vravle, to wind, from Germanic *wrap‑.
    2. Zero-grade form *wr̥p‑. raphe, raphide; rhapsody; staphylorrhaphy, tenorrhaphy, from Greek rhaptein, to sew.
  9. Root *wr̥mi‑, worm; rhyme word to kwr̥mi-.
    1. worm, from Old English wyrm, worm, from Germanic *wurmiz.
    2. vermeil, vermi-, vermicelli, vermicular, vermin, from Latin vermis, worm.
[Pokorny 3. u̯er‑ 1152.]
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更新时间:2025/1/7 11:04:04