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单词 Indo-European root: pleu-
释义
‌‌pleu-
To flow.
Derivatives include pulmonary, Pluto, flow, fowl, flutter, and fluster.
  1. Basic form *pleu‑.
    1. plover, pluvial, pluvious, from Latin pluere, to rain.
    2. pleopod, from Greek plein (< *plewein), to swim.
    3. pleuston, from Greek pleusis, sailing.
    4. Suffixed zero-grade form *plu-elos. pyelitis, from Greek dissimilated puelos, trough, basin.
    5. Suffixed form *pl(e)u-mon‑, "floater," lung(s).
      1. pulmonary, from Latin pulmō (< *plumonēs), lung(s);
      2. pneumo-, pneumonia, pneumonic, from Greek pleumōn, pneumōn (influenced by pneuma, breath; see pneu-), lung.
    6. Suffixed o-grade form *plou-to‑. Pluto; plutocracy, from Greek ploutos, wealth, riches (< "overflowing").
    7. Lengthened o-grade form *plō(u)‑.
        1. flow, from Old English flōwan, to flow;
        2. perhaps Middle Dutch vluwe, fishnet flue2, Both (i) and (ii) from Germanic *flōwan, to flow.
      1. suffixed form *plō-tu‑. flood, from Old English flōd, flood, from Germanic *flōduz, flowing water, deluge.
  2. Extended form *pleuk‑.
    1. fly1, from Old English flēogan, to fly, from Germanic *fleugan, to fly.
    2. fly2, from Old English flēoge, a fly, from Germanic *fleugōn‑, flying insect, fly.
    3. Probably Germanic *fleuhan, to run away. flee, from Old English flēon, to flee.
    4. fley, from Old English flȳgan, flēgan, to put to flight, from Germanic causative *flaugjan.
    5. flèche, fletcher, from Old French fleche, arrow, from Germanic suffixed form *fleug-ika.
    6. Zero-grade form *pluk‑.
      1. fledge, from Old English *flycge, with feathers (only in unfligge, featherless), from Germanic *flugja‑, feather;
      2. flight1, flight2, from Old English flyht, act of flying, and *flyht, act of fleeing, escape, from Germanic suffixed form *flug-ti‑;
      3. fowl, from Old English fugol, bird, from Germanic *fuglaz, bird, dissimilated from possible (but unlikely) suffixed form *flug-laz;
      4. flugelhorn, fugleman, from Middle High German vlügel, wing, from Germanic suffixed form *flug-ilaz.
  3. Extended form *pleud‑.
    1. fleet1, fleet2, from Old English flēotan, to float, swim (from Germanic *fleutan), and Old Norse fljōtr, fleet, swift (from Germanic *fleutaz).
    2. Zero-grade form *plud‑.
        1. float, from Old English flotian, to float;
        2. flotsam, from Old French floter, to float. Both (i) and (ii) from Germanic derivative *flotōn, to float.
      1. flotilla, from Old Norse floti, raft, fleet;
      2. flutter, from Old English floterian, flotorian, to float back and forth (-erian, iterative and frequentative suffix);
      3. flit, from Old Norse flytja, to further, convey, from Germanic *flutjan, to float. a-d all from Germanic *flut‑, *flot‑.
    3. fluster, probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Icelandic flaustr, hurry, and flaustra, to bustle, from Germanic *flausta‑, contracted from suffixed form *flaut-stā‑, probably from *pleud‑, o-grade *ploud‑.
[Pokorny pleu‑ 835, pl(e)u-mon‑ 837.]
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更新时间:2025/3/22 19:45:34