英语词汇“Indo-European root: kar-”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

单词

Indo-European root: kar-

释义

‌‌kar-
Also ker-.
Hard.
Derivatives include hard, and cancer.

Variant form *ker‑.
1. Suffixed o-grade form *kor-tu‑.
  1. hard, hardly, from Old English hard, heard, hard;
  2. -ard, from Germanic *-hart, *-hard, bold, hardy;
  3. standard, from Old French estandard, flag marking a rallying place in battle, from Frankish *hard, hard;
  4. hardy¹, from Old French hardir, to make hard. a-d all from Germanic *harduz.
2. Suffixed zero-grade form *kr̥t-es‑, from earlier full-grade form *kret-es‑. -cracy, from Greek kratos, strength, might, power.
Possible basic form *kar‑ in derivatives referring to things with hard shells.
1. Possibly Latin carīna, keel of a ship, nutshell careen, carina.
2. Possibly Greek karuon, nut karyo-; eucaryote, gillyflower, synkaryon.
3. Reduplicated form *kar-kr-o‑. cancer, canker, carangid, chancre, from dissimilated Latin cancer, crab, cancer, constellation Cancer.
4. Suffixed form *kar-k-ino‑. carcino-, carcinoma, from Greek karkinos, cancer, crab.

[Pokorny 3. kar‑ 531.]

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