| 释义 |
gnō-
To know. Oldest form *g̑neh3‑, colored to *g̑noh3‑, becoming *g̑nō‑ in satem languages and *gnō‑ in centum languages.
Derivatives include know, cunning, uncouth, ignore, noble, diagnosis, and narrate.- Variant form *gnē‑, contracted from *gnēə‑. know; knowledge, acknowledge, from Old English cnāwan, to know, from Germanic *knē(w)‑.
- Zero-grade form *gn̥ə‑.
- can1, con2, cunning, from Old English cunnan, to know, know how to, be able to, from Germanic *kunnan (Old English first and third singular can from Germanic *kann from o-grade *gonə‑);
- ken, kenning, from Old English cennan, to declare, and Old Norse kenna, to know, name (in a formal poetic metaphor), from Germanic causative verb *kannjan, to make known;
- couth; uncouth, from Old English cūth, known, well-known, usual, excellent, familiar, from Germanic *kunthaz;
- kith and kin, from Old English cȳth(the), cȳththu, knowledge, acquaintance, friendship, kinfolk, from Germanic *kunthithō.
- Suffixed form *gnō-sko‑. notice, notify, notion, notorious; acquaint, cognition, cognizance, connoisseur, incognito, quaint, recognize, reconnaissance, reconnoiter, from Latin (g)nōscere, cognōscere, to get to know, get acquainted with.
- Suffixed form *gnō-ro‑. ignorant, ignore, from Latin ignōrāre, not to know, to disregard (i‑, for in‑, not; see ne).
- Suffixed form *gnō-dhli‑. noble, from Latin nōbilis, knowable, known, famous, noble.
- Reduplicated and suffixed form *gi-gnō-sko‑. gnome2, gnomon, gnosis, Gnostic; agnosia, diagnosis, noscapine, pathognomonic, physiognomy, prognosis, from Greek gignōskein, to know, think, judge (verbal adjective gnōtos, known), with gnōsis (< *gnō-ti‑), knowledge, inquiry, and gnōmōn, judge, interpreter.
- Suffixed zero-grade form *gn̥ə-ro‑. narrate, from Latin narrāre (< *gnarrāre), to tell, relate, from gnārus, knowing, expert.
- Suffixed zero-grade form *gn̥ə-ti‑. Zend-Avesta, from Avestan zainti‑, knowledge (remade from *zāti‑).
- Traditionally but improbably referred here are:
- note; annotate, connote, prothonotary, from Latin nota, a mark, note, sign, cipher, shorthand character;
- norm, Norma, normal; abnormal, enormous, from Latin norma, carpenter's square, rule, pattern, precept, possibly from an Etruscan borrowing of Greek gnōmōn, carpenter's square, rule.
[Pokorny 2. g̑en‑ 376.] |
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