| 释义 |
ghel-2
To shine; with derivatives referring to colors, bright materials, gold (probably "yellow metal"), and bile or gall. Oldest form *g̑hel‑, becoming *ghel‑ in centum languages.
Derivatives include gold, arsenic, melancholy, Hare Krishna, gleam, glimpse, and glide.- Words denoting colors.
- Suffixed form *ghel-wo‑. yellow, from Old English geolu, yellow, from Germanic *gelwaz.
- Suffixed variant form *ghlō-ro‑. chloro-; chlorite1, from Greek khlōros, green, greenish yellow.
- Suffixed variant form *ghlo-wo‑. chloasma, from Greek khloos (< *khlo-wo-s), greenish color.
- O-grade form *ghol‑. podzol, from Russian zola, ashes (from their color).
- Suffixed form *ghel-i‑. Hare Krishna, Harijan, from Sanskrit hari‑, tawny yellow.
- Possibly suffixed zero-grade form *ghl̥-wo‑ in Latin fulvus, tawny (with dialectal f‑ as in fel, gall) fulvous; griseofulvin.
- Words denoting gold.
- Suffixed zero-grade form *ghl̥-to‑.
- gold, from Old English gold, gold;
- gild1, from Old English gyldan, to gild, from Germanic denominative verb *gulthjan;
- guilder, gulden, from Middle Dutch gulden, golden;
- gowan, from Middle English gollan, yellow flower, possibly from a source akin to Old Norse gullinn, golden. a-d all from Germanic *gultham, gold.
- Suffixed o-grade form *ghol-to‑. zloty, from Polish złoto, gold.
- Suffixed full-grade form *ghel-no‑. arsenic, from Syriac zarnīkā, orpiment, from Middle Iranian *zarnīk‑, from Old Iranian *zarna‑, golden.
- Words denoting bile.
- Suffixed o-grade form *ghol-no‑. gall1, from Old English gealla, gall, from Germanic *gallōn‑, bile.
- Suffixed o-grade form *ghol-ā‑. chole-, choler, cholera; acholia, melancholy, from Greek kholē, bile.
- Suffixed full-grade form *ghel-n‑. felon2, from Latin fel, bile.
- A range of Germanic words (where no preforms are given, the words are late creations).
- gleam, from Old English glǣm, bright light, gleam, from Germanic *glaimiz.
- glimpse, from Middle English glimsen, to glimpse, from a source akin to Middle High German glimsen, to gleam.
- glint, from Middle English glent, a glint, and glenten, to shine, from a source akin to Swedish dialectal glinta, to shine.
- glimmer, from Middle English glimeren, to glimmer, from a source akin to Swedish glimra, glimmer.
- glitter, from Old Norse glitra, to shine.
- glitz, from Old High German glīzan, to sparkle.
- glisten, from Old English glisnian, to shine.
- glister, from Middle Dutch glinsteren or Middle Low German glisteren, to shine.
- glass, glaze, glazier, from Old English glæs, glass, from Germanic *glasam, glass.
- glare1, from Middle English glaren, to glitter, stare, from a source akin to Middle Low German glaren, to glisten, from Germanic *glaz‑.
- gloss1, from a source perhaps akin to Icelandic glossi, a spark.
- glance2, from Old High German glanz, bright.
- gleg, from Old Norse glöggr, clear-sighted.
- glad1, from Old English glæd, shining, joyful, from Germanic *gladaz.
- glee; gleeman, from Old English glēo, sport, merriment, from Germanic *gleujam.
- gleed, from Old English glēd, ember;
- glogg, from Old Norse glodh, ember. Both a and b from Germanic *glō-di‑.
- glow, from Old English glōwan, to glow;
- glow, from Old High German gluoen, to glow;
- glower, from Middle English gloren, to gleam, stare, probably from a source akin to Norwegian dialectal glora, to gleam, stare;
- gloat, from a source perhaps akin to Old Norse glotta, to smile (scornfully). a-d all from Germanic *glō‑.
- gloaming, from Old English glōm, twilight, from Germanic *glō-m‑.
- Possibly distantly related to this root is Germanic *glīdan, to glide.
- glide, from Old English glīdan, to slip, glide;
- glissade, from Old French glier, to glide;
- glitch, from Old High German glītan, to glide;
- glede, from Old English glida, kite (< "gliding, hovering bird"), from derivative Germanic *glidōn‑.
- glib, from a source possibly akin to Middle Low German glibberich, slippery.
[Pokorny 1. g̑hel‑ 429.] |
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