英语词汇“Indo-European root: genə-”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

单词

Indo-European root: genə-

释义

‌‌genə-
Also gen-.
To give birth, beget; with derivatives referring to aspects and results of procreation and to familial and tribal groups. Oldest form *g̑enh₁‑, becoming *genh₁‑ in centum languages.
Derivatives include kin, king, jaunty, genius, pregnant¹, gingerly, and nature.

Basic form *genə‑.
1. Suffixed form *genə-es‑.
  1. gender, general, generate, generation, generic, generous, genre, genus; congener, degenerate, engender, miscegenation, from Latin genus, race, kind;
  2. gene; allogeneic, genealogy, genocide, genotype, heterogeneous, syngeneic, from Greek genos and geneā, race, family;
  3. -gen, -geny; epigene, from Greek suffix -genēs, "-born.".
2. Suffixed form *gen(ə)-yo‑.
  1. genial¹, genius; congenial, from Latin genius, procreative divinity, inborn tutelary spirit, innate quality;
  2. engine, ingenious, from Latin ingenium, inborn character (in‑, in; see en).
3. Suffixed form *genə-ā‑. indigen, indigenous, from Latin indigena, born in (a place), indigenous (indu‑, within; see en).
4. Suffixed form *genə-wo‑. genuine, ingenuous, from Latin ingenuus, born in (a place), native, natural, freeborn (in‑, in; see en).
5. Suffixed form *gen(ə)-men‑. germ, german², germane, germinal, germinate, from dissimilated Latin germen, shoot, bud, embryo, germ.
O-grade form *gonə‑, reduced to *gon‑ in suffixed form *gon-o‑.
1. gonad, gono-, -gony; archegonium, carpogonium, epigone, from Greek gonos, child, procreation, seed.
2. Harijan, from Sanskrit janaḥ, offspring, child, person.
Zero-grade form *gn̥ə‑.
1. Suffixed form *gn̥ə-yo‑.
  1. kin; kindred, from Old English cyn(n), race, family, kin;
  2. king, from Old English cyning, king, from Germanic *kuningaz, king. Both a and b from Germanic *kunjam, family.
2. Suffixed form *gn̥ə-t‑.
  1. kind², from Old English cynd, gecynd(e), origin, birth, race, family, kind, from Germanic *kundjaz, family, race;
  2. kind¹, from Old English gecynde, natural, native, fitting (ge‑, collective prefix; see kom), from Germanic *kundiz, natural, native;
  3. suffixed form *gn̥ə-ti‑.
    1. gens, genteel, gentile, gentle, gentry, jaunty; gendarme, from Latin gēns (stem genti‑), race, clan;
    2. genesis, -genesis, from Greek genesis, birth, beginning.
  4. kindergarten, Kriss Kringle, wunderkind, from Old High German kind, child, from Germanic secondary full-grade variant *kentham;
  5. suffixed form *gn̥ə-to‑. Jataka, from Sanskrit jāta‑, born (verbal adjective of janate, he is born).
3. Reduplicated form *gi-gn(ə)‑. genital, genitive, genitor, geniture, gent¹, gingerly; congenital, primogenitor, primogeniture, progenitor, progeny, from Latin gignere (past participle genitus), to beget.
4. Reduced form *gn‑ in suffixed form *-gn-o‑. benign, malign, from Latin benignus, good-natured, kindly (bene, well; see deu-²) and malignus, evil-natured, malevolent (male, ill; see mel-³).
5. Zero-grade form *gn̥ə‑ becoming *gnā‑. pregnant¹; impregnate, from Latin praegnās, pregnant (prae‑, before; see per¹).
6. Suffixed form *gn̥ə-sko‑ becoming *gnā-sko‑. nada, naive, nascent, natal, nation, native, nature, née, Noël; adnate, agnate, cognate, connate, enate, innate, neonate, puisne, puny, renaissance, from Latin gnāscī, nāscī (past participle gnātus, nātus), to be born.
7. Reduced form *gn̥‑ in Sanskrit compound kṛmi-ja‑ (see k^wr̥mi-).

[Pokorny 1. g̑en‑ 373.]

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