| 释义 |
ak-
Sharp. Oldest form *h2ek̑‑, colored to *h2ak̑‑, becoming *ak̑‑ in satem languages and *ak‑ in centum languages.
Derivatives include acute, hammer, heaven, eager1, vinegar, acid, and oxygen.- Suffixed form *ak-yā‑.
- edge; selvage, from Old English ecg, sharp side, from Germanic *agjō;
- egg2, from Old Norse eggja, to incite, goad, from Germanic *agjan.
- Suffixed form *ak-u‑.
- ear2, from Old English æhher, ēar, spike, ear of grain, from Germanic *ahuz‑;
- acicula, acuity, aculeate, acumen, acupuncture, acute, aglet, ague, eglantine, from Latin acus, needle;
- acerose, from Latin acus, chaff.
- Suffixed form *ak-i‑. acidanthera, from Greek akis, needle.
- Suffixed form *ak-men‑, stone, sharp stone used as a tool, with metathetic variant *ka-men‑, with variant *ka-mer‑.
- hammer, from Old English hamor;
- hamerkop, from Middle Dutch hamer, hammer. Both a and b from Germanic *hamaraz.
- probable variant *ke-men-.heaven, from Old English heofon, hefn, heaven, from Germanic *hibin‑, "the stony vault of heaven," dissimilated form of *himin‑.
- Suffixed form *ak-onā‑, independently created in:
- awn, from Old Norse ögn, ear of grain, and Old English agen, ear of grain, from Germanic *aganō; and;
- paragon, from Greek akonē, whetstone.
- Also built to the root form *ak‑ with a suffix containing -n‑ (although the formation is obscure) is Sanskrit aśani‑, arrowhead, thunderbolt: anaconda.
- Suffixed lengthened form *āk-ri‑. acerate, acrid, acrimony, eager1; carvacrol, vinegar, from Latin ācer, sharp, bitter.
- Suffixed form *ak-ri-bhwo‑. acerbic, exacerbate, from Latin acerbus, bitter, sharp, tart.
- Suffixed (stative) form *ak-ē‑. acid, from Latin acēre, to be sharp.
- Suffixed form *ak-ēto‑. acetabulum, acetic, acetum; ester, from Latin acētum, vinegar.
- Suffixed form *ak-mā‑. acme, acne, from Greek akmē, point.
- Suffixed form *ak-ro‑. acro-; acrobat, acromion, from Greek akros, topmost.
- O-grade form *ok‑ (from earlier *h2ok‑) in suffixed form *ok-ri‑. mediocre, from Latin ocris, rugged mountain.
- Suffixed o-grade form *ok-su‑. amphioxus, oxalis, oxygen, oxytone, oxyuriasis, paroxysm, from Greek oxus, sharp, sour.
[Pokorny 2. ak̑‑ 18, 3.k̑em‑ 556.] |
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