| 释义 |
status|ˈsteɪtəs|
Pl. (rare) status |ˈsteɪtjuːs| now usu. statuses |ˈsteɪtəsɪz|.
[a. L. status (u stem), f. sta- root of stāre to stand. Cf. the adopted form state n.]
‖1. Path.
a. The height or acme of a disease: cf. state n. 7 and station n. 6. Now rare or Obs.[1693tr. Blancard's Phys. Dict. (ed. 2) Status Morbi, see Acme. (Cf. 1706 Phillips, Acme..among Physicians the height of a Disease.)] transf.1671Evelyn Let. to Sir T. Clifford 31 Aug., Diary & Corr. (1906) 646 The third and last period includes the status or height of the war..to the conclusion of it in the Treaty at Breda, 1667.
b. Used (with the sense ‘state, condition’) in many mod.L. combinations with adj., as status arthriticus, status epilepticus, status lymphaticus, status nervosus: see Dorland's Illustr. Med. Dict. 1913. status asthmaticus, the condition of a patient during a prolonged severe asthmatic attack; also ellipt., = status epilepticus.
a1883Fagge Princ. & Pract. Med. (1886) I. 684 There is..a special modification of the disease in which the fits follow one another in rapid succession... This has by modern French physicians been called the état de mal épileptique, and in England some writers have made use of the equivalent expression, status epilepticus. 1898Syd. Soc. Lex., Status (L.),..A stage in which the disease having reached its height, it remains for a time before convalescence begins. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 323 Epilepsy with ‘status’ [i.e. status epilepticus] or complications. 1909Daily Mail 5 Aug. 5/6 The exact causation of the status lymphaticus was unknown. 1947Dorland & Miller Med. Dict. (ed. 21) 1392/1 Status asthmaticus. 1962J. H. Burn Drugs, Med. & Man xviii. 179 Sometimes the attacks (asthma) follow one another so steadily that the patient's life is in danger. He is then said to be in ‘status asthmaticus’ and in the past patients have often died. 1971Where Dec. 360/1 There was no sign of epilepsy until she was two and a half, when she went into status (a condition where the fits follow one another without pause).
2. a. Law. The legal standing or position of a person as determined by his membership of some class of persons legally enjoying certain rights or subject to certain limitations; condition in respect, e.g., of liberty or servitude, marriage or celibacy, infancy or majority.
1791Boswell Johnson an. 1777 (1904) II. 156 To abolish a status, which in all ages God has sanctioned, and man has continued, would..be extreme cruelty to the African Savages. 1813Edin. Rev. Oct. XXII. 24 The forfeiture of condition, or status, is a class of great extent theoretically speaking. 1832Austin Jurispr. (1869) I. Outline 41 The rights, duties, capacities, or incapacities, which determine a given person to any of these classes, constitute a condition or status which the person occupies, or with which the person is invested. 1865H. W. Fisher Consid. Amer. War 84 Therefore his status as free or slave depended on the laws of Missouri. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. I. xxiv. 351 But the majority of the court..delivered a variety of dicta on various other points touching the legal status of negroes. 1904S. G. Tallentyre Voltaire II. xliii. 295 The man who for sixty years had not ceased to try to improve the civil status of actors. 1910M. Gaster in Encycl. Brit. XII. 40/1 The history of the legal status of the Gipsies..would form a remarkable chapter in the history of modern civilization.
b. transf.
1897D. W. Forrest Christ of Hist. & Exper. 442 Notes, He says that the status and the spirit of sonship ‘are not only distinguishable but separable’.
c. In application to things.
1914Daily News 6 Nov. 1 The Sultan of Turkey not having ratified the Convention relating to the status of enemy merchant vessels. 1914Contemp. Rev. Dec. 729 The status of Egypt cannot continue what it now is.
3. a. Position or standing in society, a profession, and the like. Also social status.
1820Scott Monast. Introd. Ep., The shopkeeper..stood indeed pretty much at his ease behind his counter,..but still he enjoyed his status, as the Bailie calls it, upon condition of tumbling all the wares in his booth over and over, when any one chose to want a yard of muslin. 1848Mill Pol. Econ. I. 383 The status of a day labourer has no charm for infusing forethought, frugality or self-restraint into a people devoid of them. 1852Mill Pol. Econ. (ed. 3) II. iv. vii. 331 As to civil and social status, in framing a new reform bill..the opportunity was not taken. 1859Lever Dav. Dunn iv. 35 On the one side he had..a sure status in society. 1873C. M. Davies Unorth. Lond. (1876) 60 As..the sect grew in social status as well as in numbers, gradually the miraculous tongues fell into silence. 1883S. C. Hall Retrospect II. 248 As an actress, [she] took a professional status amongst the highest. 1901G. B. Shaw Socialism for Millionaires in Fabian Tract No. 107. 15 A millionaire does not really care whether his money does good or not, provided he finds his conscience eased and his social status improved by giving it away. 1936R. Linton Study of Man viii. 114 There are no rôles without statuses or statuses without rôles. 1946D. L. Sayers Unpopular Opinions 120 The commercial middle classes acquired the plutocratic and aristocratic notion that the keeping of an idle woman was a badge of superior social status. 1955T. H. Pear English Social Differences i. 25 Each individual..can have many statuses. 1960D. Potter Glittering Coffin iv. 54 The links between job and social status..are too often taken for granted. 1970C. T. Restrepo in I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. xiv. 517 Cultural ascent in society refers to the acquisition of those cultural forms corresponding to a higher class or social status. 1977R. Holland Self & Social Context v. 89 Occupants of similar statuses may support each other against threats from members of a role-set, as when teachers support each other against parents of their students.
b. transf. of a thing.
1885J. Martineau Types Eth. Theory I. i. ii. ii. §8. 201 Of this Ego, or soul, of ours,..how is it possible, after thus setting it up as a known separate entity, to cancel its status and hand over its contents to another subject? 1890Hardwicke's Science-Gossip XXVI. 154 The medical status of ivory was based on its alkaline properties.
4. a. Condition of things.
1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea iv. §236 Diligent, therefore, in their offices must the agents be which have been appointed to maintain the chemical status of the atmosphere. 1889Anthony's Photogr. Bull. II. Pref., The illustrations give a good idea of the present status of the art in the various methods of printing.
b. Finance. A particular grouping of the conditions bearing on the continuance of an annuity.
1838DeMorgan Ess. Probab. 190 This status may be simple or complicated... For instance, A is to enjoy an annuity to the end of his life, unless B should die before C, in which case it is to cease. This annuity will be enjoyed as long as either of the following status exist. A, B, and C all living. A and B living, and C dead. A living, and B and C dead, C having died first. 1862W. Waterston Man. Commerce 303 Status of an Annuity, the state of things during the continuance of which the annuity is to be paid. A compound status is one which exists as long as either of two or more status remain.
c. Sc. Comm. Position (of a trader) in respect of solvency and credit. In quot. attrib.
1901Scotsman 8 Mar. 5/6 [Aberdeen] The status enquiries numbered 2054 during the year.
5. a. attrib. or as adj. That confers prestige on its possessor; having a high social status; superior.
1950M. Mead Male & Female xiii. 266 A caustic critic has labelled the one child of middle-class families as a ‘status child’, a child that merely gives the parents the status of having had a child. 1956C. W. Mills Power Elite iv. 79 As a status model the debutante declined. 1960S. Kauffmann If it be Love i. viii. 113 A status-car, matched to your income, and a station wagon. 1961A. Smith East-Enders vii. 122 One of the status cafés on the edge of the East End, beautifully kept. 1964A. Hunter Gently Sahib iv. 33 The locals had taken him a room at the Angel Inn, the status hotel in Abbotsham. 1977D. Morris Manwatching 125 What the rapist wants is..the total, abject subjection of his victim... This is Status Sex, and it is not by any means an exclusively human pattern of activity.
b. Comb., as (sense 3) status-conscious, status-dissenting, status-ridden adjs.; status anxiety, anxiety about one's social status, esp. the fear of losing it; status group(ing), any group of people who have similar social standing (see quot. 1978); status-seeker, one who is concerned with improving or demonstrating his social status; hence status-seeking vbl. n. and ppl. a.; status symbol, a possession or asset sought or acquired as a symbol of social prestige; hence status-symbolism; status system, a social structure or organization in which status derives from one's position or achievement in some aspect of the group's activity; status-trophy rare = status symbol above.
1959Encounter Sept. 58/1 The political conflicts of the 'fifties..were..explained by sociological concepts such as ‘*status anxiety’. 1971Halsey & Trow Brit. Academics xiii. 329 This may be due to the status anxiety associated with marked social mobility.
1959V. Packard Status Seekers (1960) i. 6 Wives..tend to be more *status conscious than their husbands. 1974tr. Wertheim's Evolution & Revolution 234 Asian peasants are generally status conscious and..the more prosperous ones often recognize mutual social obligations only towards those whom they consider to be their peers.
1956J. M. Mogey Family & Neighbourhood viii. 140 The remainder of St. Ebbe's people we may call, by contrast, *status-dissenting. 1965New Society 4 Feb. 26/3 On the newer suburban housing estates..a new species has developed, the status dissenting working class person.
1910Haddon Races of Man 61 The Mahrattas form the higher *status group of this people. 1978Listener 19 Jan. 77/3 Status groups—for example, peers of the realm or vagrants—are social networks of those who share similar social prestige.
1964Punch 29 July 172/2 We hear a lot about *status-groupings in the US.
1953Observer 16 Aug. 7/5 Miss Thurburn can move us to admiring recognition when she deals with..the *status-ridden society. 1962Guardian 14 Aug. 5/3 The prestige notions of a Pakistani civil servant are almost as inflexible as those found in our own status-ridden society.
1959V. Packard Status Seekers (1960) i. 7 The *status seekers..are people who are continually straining to surround themselves with visible evidence of the superior rank they are claiming. 1979United States 1980/81 (Penguin Travel Guides) 214 There are no phone calls to take, except for those status-seekers foolish enough to have telephones in their cars.
1951R. R. Sears in Parsons & Shils Toward General Theory of Action 477 Secondary motivational systems..between mother and child{ddd}include aggression, dependency, self-reliance..and *status-seeking. 1960Guardian 23 Dec. 6/6 The status-seeking educational system. 1962Punch 31 Jan. 227/3 Status-seeking, broken marriages, intrigue among research staff of Midland firm. 1962E. Snow Red China Today (1963) xl. 300 It should not be supposed that they are any less outer-directed than the status-seeking sons of Madison Avenue. 1976J. Wainwright Who goes Next? 52 This over-expensive, status-seeking building.
1955*Status symbol [see sign-vehicle s.v. sign n. 12 b]. 1957Wall St. Jrnl. 29 Oct. 1/1 The most common sources of interoffice rivalry over status symbols involve such obvious executive trappings as the size of the desk, the quality of drapes and carpets in private offices, [etc.]. 1965G. Maxwell House of Elrig v. 77, I was singled out as a target for jealousy by those whose parents would have liked ‘a handle to their names’ and whose status-symbol cars compared spectacularly with the modest and practical conveyances my mother chose. 1981Church Times 23 Oct. 10/2 A fragment of the true Cross—a status symbol if ever there was one.
1957Wall St. Jrnl. 29 Oct. 9/2 In their place he introduced a highly formalized system of *status symbolism. 1968Punch 7 Aug. 183/2 The main design criteria [sic] of motor-manufacture is now neither comfort nor status-symbolism, but simple safety.
1942Warner & Lunt Status System Mod. Community ii. 16 We shall hereafter refer to the eighty-nine behavioral situations (or statuses) as social positions or statuses, and the total social system of Yankee City as the positional or *status system. 1978Listener 12 Jan. 35/2 Our Martian would quickly conceptualise pair-bonding in what we call marriage, scientific organisations in the social relations of discovery, status systems in the relations of dominance and submission, and so on.
1964Auden in Listener 1 Oct. 525/2 This unpopular art which cannot be..hung as a *status-trophy by rising executives.
Hence ˈstatusless a., without status.
1905W. O'Brien Recoll. ix. 186 The reporting profession was still in the statusless condition in which [etc.]. |