| 释义 |
deceive, v.|dɪˈsiːv|
Forms: α. 4 deseue, -sayue, -saife, -ceife, -cayue, dicayue, 4–5 deseyue, 4–6 deceue, 4–7 deceyue, 5–6 desave, (Sc. -sawe), 6 deceaph, 6–7 deceaue, 5– deceive. β. 4 desceiue, 4–5 -ceyue, -sayue, 5 -saue, -sayfe, 5–6 -seyue. γ. 4 (Sc.) dissaf, 4–5 disceyue, -seyue, dysceue, -saue, 4–5 (6 Sc.) dissaue, 4–6 dyssayue, 5 disceue, -saiue, -sayue, (Sc. -sayf, -sawe), dysseyue, 5–6 dysceyue, -seue, 6 disceiue, -ceaue, Sc. -saif.
[a. OF. decev-eir (stressed stem deceiv-), mod.F. décevoir:—L. dēcipĕre, f. de- I. 1 or 4 + capĕre to take. Cf. conceive.
The stem was subject in ME. and 16th c. to the same variations as those mentioned under deceit, and the prefix varied in like manner as de-, des-, dis-, whence came such curious spellings as disceave, dissave, dissaif; the stem vowel has passed through the stages |ɛɪ, ɛː, eː, iː|. Quarles in 1635 (Emblems iii. ii.) rimed deceiv'd thee: sav'd thee.
(The literal sense of L. dēcipĕre was app. to catch in a trap, to entrap, ensnare; hence, to catch by guile; to get the better of by fraud; to cheat, mislead.)]
†1. trans. To ensnare; to take unawares by craft or guile; to overcome, overreach, or get the better of by trickery; to beguile or betray into mischief or sin; to mislead. Obs. (or arch.)
a1300Cursor M. 3172 (Gött) Þat þe child were noght percayued, ar þe suord him had dicayued. c1340Ibid. 27214 (Fairf.), & queþer he was þus dessayuid, sone ofter his creature he resceyuid. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xii. vii. (1495) 418 Somtyme a tame culuoure is..taughte to begyle and to dysceyue wylde coluoures and ledyth theym in to the foulers nette. c1450Merlin 4 The deuell..devised how he myght best disceyve the thre doughtres of this rich man. 1594Willobie Avisa L j b, Apply her still with dyvers thinges (For giftes the wysest will deceave). 1611Coryat Crudities 2 A certaine English man..was deceiued by those sands: for..he was suddenly ouertaken and ouerwhelmed with the waters. 1667Milton P.L. i. 35 He it was whose guile..deceived The mother of mankind. 1741Richardson Pamela I. 170 As we deceived and hooked the poor carp, so was I betrayed by false baits. 1794Sullivan View Nat. II, The mother of mankind, who was deceived by the serpent.
2. To cause to believe what is false; to mislead as to a matter of fact, lead into error, impose upon, delude, ‘take in’.
c1320Seuyn Sag. (W.) 109, I wald noght he decayued ware. 1375Barbour Bruce iv. 237 Thai mak ay thair answering In-till dowbill vndirstanding, Till dissaf thame that will thame trow. 1382Wyclif Matt. xxiv. 11 Many false prophetis schulen ryse, and disceyue many. c1460Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 124 Or els the rewlys of astronomy Dyssavys me. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxi. 462 Soo dysguysed for to dysceve us. a1533Ld. Berners Huon xxiv. 69 By hys fayr langage he may dyssayue vs. c1600Shakes. Sonn. civ, Mine eye may be deceaued. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 189 Who [can] deceive his mind, whose eye Views all things at one view? 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xxx. III. 179 Two statesmen, who laboured to deceive each other and the world. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 98 Wolsey..was too wise to be deceived with outward prosperity. 1862Mrs. H. Wood Mrs. Hallib. ii. xix, He denied it..and I believed he was attempting to deceive me.
b. absol. To use deceit, act deceitfully.
c1340Hampole Prose Tr. (1866) 3 If þou will nowthire be dyssayuede ne dyssayue. 1500–20Dunbar Poems (1893) xxi. 102 Quhair fortoun..dissavis With freyndly smylingis of ane hure. 1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. i. xv. §4 He can neither erre nor deceiue. 1769Junius Lett. xxxv. 163 A moment of difficulty and danger, at which flattery and falsehood can no longer deceive. 1808Scott Marm. vi. xvii, Ah, what a tangled web we weave, When first we practise to deceive! 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 160 The makers of household implements..should be ashamed to deceive in the practice of their craft.
c. refl. To allow oneself to be misled; to delude oneself. [F. se tromper.]
1382Wyclif Jas. i. 22 Be ȝe doers of the word and not herers onely, deceyuynge you silf. 1535Coverdale Bel & Dr. 7 Daniel smyled, and sayde: O kynge, disceaue not thyselfe. 1791Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest ii, I can no longer deceive myself. 1884Gladstone in Standard 29 Feb. 2/7 Do not let us deceive ourselves on that point.
d. In pass. sometimes merely: To be mistaken, be in error.
c1315Shoreham 93 Ac many man desceyved hys..And weyneth that he be out of peryl. c1325Poem temp. Edw. II (Percy) lv, Forsoth he is deseyved, He wenyth he doth ful wel. a1450Knt. de la Tour 33 We are foule deceiued in you the tyme passed. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 41 He was not deceaued in his opinion. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. v. i. 111 That is the voice, Or I am much deceiu'd, of Portia. 1603― Meas. for M. iii. i. 197 How much is the good Duke deceiu'd in Angelo. 1749Fielding Tom Jones xiv. vi, I am very much deceived in Mr. Nightingale, if..he hath not much goodness of heart at the bottom.
†3. To be or prove false to, play false, deal treacherously with; to betray. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 1894 (Cott.) Quen noe sagh..þat þis rauen had him deceueid, Lete vt a doue. c1470Henry Wallace vi. 480 Thai swor that he had dissawit thair lord. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 6 The corruptyble rychesse of this worlde..forsaketh and deceyueth hym whan he weneth best. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, v. i. 11 You have deceiu'd our trust. 1605Camden Rem., Epitaphs 53 Fame deceaues the dead mans trust. 1658Whole Duty Man xv. §26. 125 He that does not carefully look to his masters profit, deceives his trust.
b. fig. To prove false to; † to frustrate (a purpose, etc.) obs.; to disappoint (hope, expectation, etc.).
1571Act 13 Eliz. in Bolton Stat. Irel. (1621) 360 Which good meaning of that good lawe..is daylie..deceyved by diverse evill disposed persons. 1666Dryden Ann. Mirab. lxviii, Till..doubtful moonlight did our rage deceive. 1697― Virg. Georg. iii. 190 The weak old Stallion will deceive thy Care. a1700― (J.), Nor are my hopes deceiv'd. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India II. iv. ii. 89 Never was expectation more completely deceived.
†4. To cheat, overreach; defraud. Obs.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 319 Þat mad þe Tresorere þou has desceyued him. 1382Wyclif 1 Thess. iv. 6 That no man ouer go nether disceyue his brother in chaffaringe. 1481in Eng. Gilds (1870) 332 Desceteously wrought as in tannyng, where-thurgh the kynges lege peopell scholde be disceuyd. 1533Gau Richt Vay (1888) 16 Thay that sellis ald and ewil guidis for new and thair throw dissauis oders falslie. 1625Bacon Ess. Gardens (Arb.) 563 That the Borders..be..Set with Fine Flowers, but thin and sparingly, lest they Deceiue the Trees. 1626― Sylva §479 Where two Plants draw (much) the same Juyce, there the Neighbourhood hurteth; for the one deceiveth the other.
†b. with of: To cheat out of. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 8626 (Cott.) Sco parceuid, þat sco was of hir child deceuid. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 73 Whanne þei be raueine & ypocrisie disceyuen hem of here goodis. 1525Wido Edyth, The sixt merye Jest: how this wydowe Edyth deceiued a Draper..of a new Gowne and a new Kyrtell. 1620J. Wilkinson Coroners & Sherifes 62 To deceive them of it and to gain it for themselves. 1667Milton P.L. x. 990 Childless thou art, Childless remain; so Death Shall be deceav'd his glut. a1761Oldys in D'Israeli Cur. Lit. (1866) 563 [He] deceived me of a good sum of money which he owed me.
†5. To beguile, wile away (time, tediousness, etc.). Obs. (Cf. cheat v. 5.)
1591Florio Sec. Fruites 65 Let us do something to deceaue the time, and that we may not thinke it long. 1663Bp. Patrick Parab. Pilgr. ii. (1668) 5 To deceive the tediousness of the pilgrimage. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. x. (R.), This while I sung, my sorrows I deceiv'd. 1784Cowper Task iii. 362 Happy to deceive the time, Not waste it. 1841Catlin N. Amer. Ind. (1844) II. xxxvii. 36 Amusements to deceive away the time. |