| 释义 |
▪ I. stander|ˈstændə(r)|
[f. stand v. + -er1.]
One who or something which stands.
I.
1. a. One who stands, in the senses of the verb. Constr. with preps., as before, on.
In quot. 1423 used appositively, expressing the notion that the elephant was incapable of lying down.
1423Jas. I Kingis Q. clvi, The standar oliphant. c1550Fabric Rolls York Minster (Surtees) 309 Four copes of crimson velvett..for standers. 1602Narcissus (1893) 491 O, the hares a lusty stander, Follow apace. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iii. iii. 84. 1635–56 Cowley Davideis i. Note 28 One, τῶν ἑστηκότων, of the standers before God. 1657J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee etc. i. 13 Loyterers, and standers idle. 1788F. Burney Diary 2 Feb., 'Tis indeed, to us standers, an amazing addition to fatigue to keep still. 1815Sporting Mag. XLVI. 124 The crowd of sitters and standers gradually increases. 1850Tait's Mag. XVII. 716/1 The most obstinate stander on old ways.
b. with advs.
1582N. T. (Rhem.) Mark xiv. 47 And one certaine man of the standers about..smote the seruant of the cheefe priest. 1591H. Smith Exam. Usurie i. 13 The standers about said one to another, See how he loued him. a1716South Serm. (1727) VI. 114 Publick Spirits, Standers-up for their Country. 1885E. C. Lefroy Echoes fr. Theocritus etc. ii. xxix, And six tall lads break through the standers-round.
†c. slang. (See quots.) Obs.
1610Rowlands M. Mark-all (1874) 41 A Stander, he that stands sentinel vpon the Pad or high-way to robbe. Ibid. 53 [He] was faine to liue..a stander for the padder.
d. One who ‘stands’ another a drink: see stand v. 61 b. nonce-use.
1922Joyce Ulysses 419 Will immensely splendiferous stander permit one stooder..to terminate one expensive..libation.
2. stander-by.
a. One who stands by; one who looks on and abstains from interfering; one who stands aside from or has no concern in (a game, a quarrel, etc.); occas. a casual spectator or auditor, a bystander. Now rare.
1545R. Ascham Toxoph. ii. (Arb.) 120 Thys kynde of breakynge is mooste perilouse for the standers by. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, i. iii. 210 Riuers and Dorset, you were standers by..when my Sonne Was stab'd. 1606― Tr. & Cr. iv. v. 190 That I haue said vnto my standers by, Loe Iupiter is yonder, dealing life. 1612Naunton in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 113 Hereupon some standers by are apt to conceive that the King mea[neth] to keep these places in suspense. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. v. §155 It was thought strangely ridiculous by standers by that [etc.]. 1659[H. Nevile] Game at Pickquet 4, I shall be a kind of stander-by this time. 1709Steele Tatler No. 26 ⁋8 If a Stander-by sees one at Play cheat, he has Right to come in for Shares. 1771Act 11 Geo. III, c. 45 §29 In Default of a sufficient Number of Persons so impannelled, the said Sheriff shall return other honest and indifferent Men of the Standers-by. 1827Scott Surg. Dau. iv, Will you, that are a stander-by, tell us, who are the unlucky players, what you think of this game of ours? 1870Morris Earthly Par. II. iii. 278 From off the poplar-block white chips would fly 'Neath some deft hand, watched of the standers-by.
Proverb.1613Uncasing of Machiav. 18 Standers by discerne more then gamsters can. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 303 It is commonly said that a stander-by sees more of the game than he that plays.
†b. Naut. A gunner's assistant. (Cf. stand by: stand v. 70 b, 91 e.) Obs.
1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. xii. 69 Standers by, or Matrosses. Ibid. 72 The standers by raise the Britch with Crows. Ibid. vii. xxx. 44 Let a stander by stop on the Glass a Thred.
¶3. Misused for consistent n. 2. rare.
1885Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 486 They are first defined in an epistle ascribed to Gregory Thaumaturgus about the year 258, and are as under: (1) Weepers..; (2) Hearers..; (3) Kneelers..; (4) Standers, who might remain throughout the entire rite, but were not suffered to communicate.
4. A person of long standing (in a profession, or place) as distinguished from a novice or newcomer; an old hand, an old resident. Only in old stander, ancient stander, long stander. (Cf. standard n. 26 b; also stager 1.) ? Obs.
1589R. Harvey Plain Perc. 2 It moues me as much as the fatherly rebuke of an old stander moude that vniuersity post, which seemed to take the wall of a Senior. 1591Greene Conny Catching ii. Wks. (Grosart) X. 174 Which did so much content him, as that he had beguiled so ancient a stander in that profession. 1681R. Knox Hist. Relat. Ceylon iv. xiii. 176 We begin with the Portugueze, who deserve the first place, being the oldest Standers there. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. i. iii. 49 [The Dutch] are the longest standers here by many years. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. ii. §7 Our young proficients in the minute philosophy..do far outgo the old standers and professors of the sect. 1801C. Gadsden in J. Adams' Wks. (1854) IX. 579 Our old⁓standers and independent men of long well-tried patriotism, sound understanding, and good property. 1832W. Irving Life & Lett. (1864) II. 486 It seems as if all the old standers of the city had called on me.
transf.1646W. Harington in J. Hall Poems, A Genethliacon to the Infant Muse of his dearest Friend, A 6, Thus thy luxuriant Laurel-sprout As soon as it hath its head put out, Or'e tops old standers!
II. Something upright.
5. A pan or barrel set on end. dial. = standard n. 25. In quot. 1459 used appositively.
1459Paston Lett. I. 490 Item, iij. grete standere pannes, j. bochers axe. 1882Francisque-Michel Crit. Inquir. Sc. Lang. 427 Staunder, a barrel set on end for containing water or salted meat.
†6.
a. An upright support; a supporting pillar, stem, and the like; also, a candlestick. (Cf. standard n. 17–19.)
1552Berksh. Ch. Goods 39 A payre of grete Candylstyckes called Standers. 1605in R. Welford Hist. Newcastle (1885) III. 170 [He] shall so work the mines as he leave standers for the upholding of the grounds thereof. 1648Gage West Ind. 149 [The idols] are placed upon standers gilded or painted, to be carried in procession upon mens shoulders. 1677Plot Oxfordsh. 257 To preserve their Ricks of Corn..they commonly place them in this Country, on standers and caps of stone; the standers being four Obeliscs about two foot high. 1711W. Sutherland Shipbuild. Assist. 164 Standers; Knees fitted upon any of the Decks; also Pieces placed to raise Stages or Scaffolds. 1860Song of Solomon in Lowland Scotch v. 15 (E.D.D.) His shanks are as stanners o' merbel set on sockets o' fine gowd.
b. See quot. Cf. orlop2. Obs.
1703R. Neve City & C. Purch. (1736) s.v. Lead §7 Of laying on Sheet-lead... They bend up the Edge of the Sheet, both for the Stander and Orlop... They bring them together, and proceed to make a Seam of them, by first turning the Orlop..over the Stander.
†7. Something which remains in a fixed position; a fixture. Obs. rare.
1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. ii. iv. 62 Though he useth barbarous School-terms, which like standers are fixt to the controversie, yet in his moveable Latine..his style is pure. 1647― Good Th. in Worse T. 164 Mixt-Prayers..Wherein the Standers,..remaine alwayes unaltered. Whilst the moveable petitions..are added..as Gods Spirit adviseth. 1666J. Smith Solomon's Portr. Old Age 76 There is necessary both these, viz. the firm stander, and the strong mover; the upper and the nether milstone.
8.
†a. A tree left standing for timber (= standel 1, standard n. 20 a). Obs.
1548[see staddle 1 appos.] a1568R. Ascham Scholem. ii. (Arb.) 135 The fairest standers of all, were rooted vp, and cast into the fire. 1611Cotgr., Balliveaux, standers, or trees left standing after a wood sale. 1707Mortimer Husb. 427, I resolved to cut a Cart-way..to carry off both my Wood and Timber, which saved my Standers and Wood too very much. 1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 50 The old Standers left at the other Cuttings.
b. = standard n. 20 b.
1685Penn Further Acc. Pennsylv. 8 All sorts of English fruits..take mighty well for the time: The Peach Excellent, on standers.
† III. 9. Device on a coin, ‘image and superscription’. Obs. rare—1.
1579Fenton Guicciard. vii. 375 He defaced out of their monies and coynes their auncient stampes, causing them for afterwards to beare his standers and stamp [It. has merely il segno suo] in signe of absolute superioritie.
▪ II. stander
see standard n. |