| 释义 |
Darwinism|ˈdɑːwɪnɪz(ə)m|
[-ism.]
†1. The doctrine or hypothesis of Erasmus Darwin. Obs. (nonce-use.)
1856B. W. Richardson Life T. Sopwith (1891) 256 Mr. Sopwith described the hypothesis of the development of living things from a primordial centre. That, said Reade, is rank Darwinism. It was the first time I had heard that word used..it had reference to Erasmus Darwin.
2. The biological theory of Charles Darwin concerning the evolution of species, etc., set forth especially in his works entitled ‘The Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life’ (1859), and ‘The Descent of Man and Selection in relation to Sex’ (1871).
1864T. H. Huxley in Nat. Hist. Rev. Oct. 567 What we may term the philosophical position of Darwinism. 1871Athenæum 15 July 84 It is impossible to reconcile the Doctors of the Church with the Doctors of Darwinism. 1876Ray Lankester tr. Haeckel's Hist. Creation I. 1 The scientific theory..commonly called..Darwinism, is only a small fragment of a far more comprehensive doctrine. 1889A. R. Wallace (title), Darwinism, An exposition of the theory of Natural Selection with some of its applications.
So ˈDarwinist, a follower of Darwin, a Darwinian. Darwiˈnistic a., of or pertaining to Darwinism. ˈDarwinize v., to speculate or theorize after the manner of (Erasmus or Charles) Darwin; also trans.; so ˈDarwinized ppl. a.
1883Sci. & Lit. Gossip I. 79 Interesting to every sincere Darwinist. 1875tr. Schmidt's Desc. & Darw. 292 Decisive in favour of Darwinistic views. 1882Athenæum 27 May 663/2 In connexion with Darwinistic explanations of ends. 1880Nature XXI. 246 Coleridge invented the term ‘Darwinising’ to express his contempt for the speculations of the elder Darwin. 1886Contemp. Rev. Sept. 435 Darwinizing sociologists. 1920G. B. Shaw in Public Opinion 13 Aug. 160/2 It has restored faith in Providence to a Darwinised world. 1929Blunden Nature in Eng. Lit. 14 The great mind which compares and sifts evidence until a new De Rerum Natura darwinizes us. |