| 释义 |
▪ I. stampede, n.|ˌstæmˈpiːd|
Also † stampado, † stampedo, stampido.
[Originally U.S.; ad. Mexican Sp. estampida, a peculiar use of Sp. estampida, also estampido crash, uproar: see stamp n.1]
1. a. A sudden rush and flight of a body of panic-stricken cattle.
α [1826T. Flint Francis Berrian i. ii. 46 Instantly this prodigious multitude..took what the Spanish call the ‘stompado’. With a trampling like the noise of thunder,..they [sc. the horses] took to their heels. ]1828in Missouri Hist. Rev. (1914) VIII. 187 A little before daylight, the mules made an abortive attempt to raise a stampido. 1834U.S. Exec. Docum. 2nd Sess., 23rd Congr. I. 74 (Stanford) A stupid sentinel last night..alarmed the camp and sent off in a stampedo the rest of the horses. 1835W. Irving Tour Prairies xxvi. 230 About two hours before day there was a stampedo, or sudden rush of horses, along the purlieus of the camp. 1867Burton Hist. Scot. III. xxxi. 276 These visitations produced a serious practical result in a stampedo of horses.
β1844G. W. Kendall Narr. Texan Santa Fé Exped. I. 96 ‘A stampede!’ shouted some of the old campaigners,..running towards their frightened animals. a1864Hawthorne Dr. Grimshawe xviii. (1891) 227 Then, tossing their horns, they [the deer] set off on a stampede. 1884Times 3 Mar. 5/1 The shells..fortunately doing no damage, only causing a stampede among the mules and horses.
b. In N. Amer., an exhibition of cowboy skills, a rodeo; spec. that held at Calgary, Alberta (usu. Calgary Stampede), for the first time in 1912 and annually since 1919.
1912Calgary (Alta.) Daily Herald 31 Aug. 6/1 Calgary is on the eve of its Stampede festival. 1919Eye Opener (Calgary, Alta.) 9 Aug. 4 Come to Calgary Stampede Week and have the time of your life. 1923C. M. Barbeau Indian Days 5 Picturesque stampedes take place every summer in the July celebrations at Banff. 1948Ada (Okla.) Even. News 2 July 1/5 A capacity crowd was on hand for the opening performance of the Hereford Heaven Stampede. 1950B. Hutchison Fraser xvii. 251 Here the ranchers and Indians gather once a year for the innocent fun of the stampede. 1974Sat. Rev. World 2 Nov. 30/2 The Calgary Stampede during the first two weeks of each July..offer[s] competition in matches ranging from wild-cow milking to buffalo riding.
2. a. A sudden or unreasoning rush or flight of persons in a body or mass; in American politics, a sudden unconcerted rush of a political convention for a candidate who seems likely to win. Also spec. (N. Amer. Hist.), a concerted rush of prospectors to the goldfields.
α1862T. A. Trollope Lenten Journ. Umbria i. 4 The great lines, trodden smooth by the annual stampedo of northern travellers.
β1846Longfellow Life (1891) II. 69 There is a great ‘stampede’ on Parnassus at the present moment. 1859K. Cornwallis Panorama New World I. 352 A sort of stampede or unreasoning rush of about twelve thousand men, principally from Victoria, was the speedy consequence. 1872R. W. Raymond Statistics of Mines iii. iv. 202 Rocky Bar..has suffered somewhat from the stampede to the bars of the Snake River. 1883Ld. R. Gower Reminisc. I. xiii. 236 We were stopped by a stampede of peasants, some on foot, others in carts and on horseback. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. II. lxx. 568 [When the break comes, i.e. when the weaker factions, perceiving that the men of their first preference cannot succeed, transfer their votes to..one..likely to succeed]..battalion after battalion goes over to the victors... In the picturesquely technical language of politicians, it is a Stampede. 1893Nation (N.Y.) 24 Aug. 140/3 Ward did not share the sanguine expectations of those converts who looked for an Anglican stampede into the Roman Church. 1916Yukon Territory (Canada Dept. Interior) 11 In the autumn of 1886 coarse gold was discovered in the Fortymile River, and..the usual stampede occurred. 1937C. L. Andrews Pioneers & Nuggets of Verse they Panned 17 The stampede to the gold fields of the Tanana Valley..caused an exodus from Dawson. 1965Canad. Geogr. Jrnl. Apr. 119/1 Not only was it the last of the old-fashioned stampedes in which dog teams and men vied for space along the narrow trail, but it also ushered in the air age of prospecting.
b. (With initial capital.) An uproarious kind of dance. Also Stampede Dance (in quot., a dancing-party).
1856Spirit of Times 13 Dec. 238/2 The following was the programme of dancing: Part the Fourth—Scotch Reel,..French Four, General Stampede. 1870J. C. Duval Adventures Big-Foot Wallace xlii. 263, I see you haven't yet introduced the Texas national dance—the Stampede. 1950Chicago Daily News 10 May 10/1 The annual ‘Stampede Dance’ of the Order of the Builders, State of Illinois, will be held May 20.
▪ II. stampede, v.|ˌstæmˈpiːd|
Also † stompede, † stampedo (rare).
[f. stampede n.]
1. a. trans. To cause a stampede amongst (cattle); to cause a stampede of (a person's) cattle.
α1848Blackw. Mag. Nov. 593 The Chases [i.e. a family named Chase]..were stampedoed upon the waters of the Platte.
β1838Hesperian Nov. 37/2 When we awoke, we found that the flies had stompeded our horses, to use the expression of the country, which means that they made them so restive that they broke loose from the hopples. 1844J. Gregg Commerce of Prairies II. 35 A party of Mexicans..stampeded and carried away, not only their own horses, but those of the Texans. 1847G. F. Ruxton Adv. Mexico xxii. 187 During the night our mulada, which was grazing at large in the prairie, was stampeded by the Indians. 1896Gen. H. Porter in Century Mag. Nov. 23 The mules, stampeded by the sound of battle raging about them, had broken loose..and run away. 1897Cavalry Tactics 139 Against cavalry in bivouacs..the party should be divided, some being told off to stampede the horses.
b. transf. and fig. To cause (a body of persons) to fly or rush away through fear or common impulse; in American politics, to induce (a political convention) to vote suddenly in a body (for a particular candidate). Cf. stampede n. 2. Hence, to cause (an individual) to take precipitate action.
1868Visct. Strangford Select. (1869) I. 204 The aforesaid people are as likely as not to go by default and be stampeded into rebellion. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. II. lxx. 568 To stampede a convention is the steadily contemplated aim of every manager who knows he cannot win on the first ballot. 1889Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 7 Mar. 2/4 Efforts of the Bears to Stampede the New York Market. 1890C. King Sunset Pass 56 Don't get stampeded. Just keep cool; watch and listen. 1898Educat. Rev. XV. 412 The crazes by which teachers are periodically stampeded. 1912R. Pocock Man in Open 104 The lady attracted attention by screaming, so the third shot stampeded poor Jones. 1924Machinists' Bull. (Winnipeg) Oct. 3/2 Efforts are being made by various agencies to use the present condition as a club to stampede the men and disgust them with their Organization. 1950Time 3 Apr. 20/2 A solid, grey, calm man, never rushed to a conclusion, impossible to stampede.
2. a. intr. Of a herd of cattle: To become panic-stricken and take to flight.
1823S. Williams in E. C. Barker Austin Papers (1924) I. 699 On the way..the Cavallada Stampeded and a part of the horses and mules were not recovered. 1859Marcy Prairie Trav. xi. 69 My entire herd of about two hundred horses and mules all stampeded in the night. 1879Daily News 1 Mar., If the Zulus attack they always try to make the cattle within the park stampede.
b. Of a company of persons: To rush with common impulse. Also spec. of a prospector: to rush to the goldfields.
1849N.Y. Tribune 12 June (Bartlett Dict. Amer.), The Virginia Legislature, becoming frightened at the approach of the cholera, have finally stampeded toward the White Sulphur Springs. 1877R. W. Raymond Statistics of Mines viii. v. 263 Among the miners who had ‘stampeded’ to Cedar were many of the best prospectors in the Territory. 1884A. Forbes Chinese Gordon xi. 108 The new regiment broke, stampeded into the other, and threw it into confusion. 1898M. Landreville Appeal of Yukon Miners 23 Miners are prone to stampede to any district which has the appearance of greater richness than the one wherein they are at work. 1951V. B. Angier At Home in Woods 41 The prospectors who stampeded through here around '98 on their way to the Yukon had a pretty good trick.
Hence stamˈpeded ppl. a.; stamˈpeding vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1884Stanwood Hist. Presid. Elections xxiv. 315 Another rule [of the Republican convention of 1876] put an end to the practice of ‘stampeding’. 1885Suakin ix. 216 The enemy were still pursuing the stampeded camels. 1885Pall Mall Gaz. 4 Nov. 4/2 He was nearly forced over a precipice by a stampeding herd of wild horses. |