| 释义 |
Dakota, n. and a.|dəˈkəʊtə|
Also Dacota, Dacotah, † Dahcota.
[Dakota (Santee dialect) dakota, lit. ‘allies’.]
A. n.
1. A North American Indian people inhabiting the upper Mississippi and Missouri river valleys, speaking a language of the Siouan stock; a member of this people. Also commonly called Sioux.
[1804Lewis & Clark Jrnls. (1904) I. 132 This Great Nation who the French has given the Nickname of Suouex, Call themselves Dar co tar... Those Dar ca ter's or Suoux inhabit..the country on the Red river.] 1810Ibid. (1962) 508 As to Sioux Indians..the Indians call themselves Dacota. 1824W. H. Keating Narr. I. viii. 376 The Dacotas are a large and powerful nation of Indians. 1852S. R. Riggs Gram. & Dict. Dakota Lang. p. xv, The nation of the Sioux Indians, or Dakotas, as they call themselves, is supposed to number about twenty-five thousand. 1877L. H. Morgan Anc. Soc. ii. ii. 86 In some tribes, as among the Dakotas, the gentes had fallen out. 1948A. L. Kroeber Anthropol. (ed. 2) viii. 322 Among the Dakota each man was free to seek his own ‘vision’ or inspiration from supernaturals.
2. The language of this people.
1923A. L. Kroeber Anthropol. v. 116 The number of words recorded in Klamath,..is 7,000;..in Dakota, 19,000. 1933Bloomfield Lang. iv. 72 The Siouan family includes many languages, such as Dakota, Teton, Oglala, [etc.].
B. adj. Of, pertaining to, or designating this people or their language.
1809in D. Jackson Lett. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1962) 476 A Large Mantle, made of the Buffalow skin, worn by the Scioux, or Soue, Darcota Nation. 1841J. Bell Let. 31 Aug. in J. D. Richardson Compilation Messages of Presidents (1897) IV. 62 They are divided into bands..the generic name for the whole being the Dahcota Nation. 1846C. Lanman Summer in Wild. (1847) 56 Here it was I first saw..Sioux or Dacotah Indians. 1852S. R. Riggs (title) Grammar and dictionary of the Dakota language. 1880Encycl. Brit. XII. 831/2 The Dakota or Sioux nation is at present the most powerful of the Indian tribes in North America. 1881Harper's Mag. Feb. 472/1 The story is told by..the author of a grammar and dictionary of the Dakota tongue. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 890/1 The Dakota Indians invented a chronological table, or winter count. 1959E. Tunis Indians 21/2 About thirty different Indian names are listed for the Dakota Indians, and a fair percentage of them can be translated to mean ‘cutthroats’.
Hence Daˈkotan, -ian n. and adj., (an inhabitant) of the Dakota Territory, or of the states of North or South Dakota.
1884M. D. Woodward Diary 22 Mar. in Checkered Yrs. (1937) 32 The Dakotan of the next generation should be an educated person. 1889Cent. Dict., Dakotan, a{ddd}n. 1898Monthly South Dakotan I. 5 Here the judge first inculcated the principle of Dakotan jurisprudence. Ibid., One hundred sorrowing Dakotans. 1914W. H. Rivers Kinship & Soc. Organ. 89 Professor Kroeber does not specify which kinds of grandfather and father-in-law are classed together in Dakotan nomenclature. 1947Amer. Speech XXII. 249 Mr. Bruce Nelson, of Bismarck, N.D., tells me that Dakotan now prevails [over Dakotian] in both Dakotas.
1861(title) Weekly Dakotian. 1877L. M. Morgan Anc. Soc. ii. vi. 154 (heading) Dakotian Tribes. A large number of tribes are included in this great stock of the American aborigines. |