| 释义 |
▪ I. dais|ˈdeɪɪs, deɪs|
Forms: 3–5 deys, 3–6 deis, 4–5 des, 4–6 dese, dece, deyse, dees, 5 deise, deesse, 5–6 dess(e, deas(e, 6 deasse, dysse, Sc. deiss, deische, 8–9 Sc. deas, 4, 8–9 dais, 9– daïs. Pl. daises, daïses.
[a. OF. deis (later dois), mod.F. (from Picard dial.) dais = Pr. des, It. desco:—L. disc-um (nom. discus) quoit, disk, dish, in late L. table.
The sense-development has been ‘table, high table (including its platform), the raised end of the hall occupied by the high table and used for other purposes of distinction, the canopy covering this’: the latter being only in modern French, and thence in Eng. The word died out in Eng. about 1600, but was retained in Sc. in sense 3; its recent revival, chiefly since 1800, in sense 2, is due to historical and antiquarian writers; it appears in no Eng. dicts. until Worcester 1846, Craig 1847. Always a monosyllable in Fr., and orig. so in Eng.; the disyllabic pronunciation is now the more usual.
1927in Amer. Speech (1929) V. 132 Dais—two syllables. 1967A. C. Gimson Everyman's Eng. Pronouncing Dict. 118/2 Dais, -es ˈdeiis (deis), -iz.]
1.
†a. A raised table in a hall, at which distinguished persons sat at feasts, etc.; the high table. (Often including the platform on which it was raised: see next sense.) Obs. since 1600.
a1259Matt. Paris Vitae Abbatum S. Alb. in Walsingham (Rolls) I. 521 Priore prandente ad magnam mensam quam ‘Deis’ vulgariter appellamus. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 11073 Vort hii come vp to þe deis. a1300Cursor M. 12560 (Cott.) Ne brek þair brede, ne tast þair mes, Til he war cummen til þair des. c1350Will. Palerne 4564 Þe semli segges were sette in halle, Þe real rinkes bi reson at þe heiȝe dese, and alle oþer afterward on þe side benches. c1450Henryson Mor. Fab. 10 So that Good-will bee caruer at the Dease. c1500in Arnolde Chron. (1811) 241 Syttyng at the hygh dees: My Lord of Ely in the myddes. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 395 Quhair that he sat into his stait royall, With mony ding lord sittand at his deische. a1575Wife lapped in Morrelles Skin 312 in Hazl. E.P.P. IV. 193 The Bride was set at the hye dysse.
†b. to begin the dais: to take the chief seat, or preside, at a feast: see begin v.1 5. Also to hold the dais in same sense. Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7166 He ber þe croune & huld þe deis mid oþer atil also. c1320Sir Beues 2123 Þow schelt þis dai be priour And be-ginne oure deis. c1430Syr Tryam. 1636 Quene Margaret began the deyse, Kyng Ardus, wyth owtyn lees, Be hur was he sett. c1440Partonope App. 7210 (Roxb.) Next the Quene he began the deyse.
2. a. The raised platform at one end of a hall for the high table, or for seats of honour, a throne, or the like: often surmounted by a canopy. Obs. since c 1600, until revived c 1800 in historical and subsequently in current use.
In earlier times sometimes app. meaning a bench or seat of honour upon the raised platform: cf. sense 3.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 361/71 On þe heiȝe deis him sette, mete and drinke he him ȝaf. c1300K. Alis. 1039 Spoused scheo is, and set on deys. c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 38 He were sette solempnely in a sete ryche, Abof dukes on dece, with dayntys serued. c1386Chaucer Merch. T. 467 And atte fest sittith he and sche With othir worthy folk upon the deys. c1450St. Cuthbert 3049 He satt doune opon þe dese. 1501Douglas Pal. Hon. ii. xlv, Tho I saw our ladyis twa and twa Sittand on deissis. 1513Bradshaw St. Werburge i. 1625 Ouer the hye desse..Where the sayd thre kynges sate crowned all. 1575Laneham Let. (1871) 41 A doouty Dwarf too the vppermost deas Right peartly gan prik, and, kneeling on knee..Said ‘hail, syr king’. 1778Pennant Tour in Wales (1883) I. 13 The great..hall is..furnished with the high Dais, or elevated upper end, and its long table for the lord and his jovial companions. 1820Scott Ivanhoe iii, For about one quarter of the length of the apartment, the floor was raised by a step, and this space, which was called the dais, was occupied only by the principal members of the family. 1840Arnold Hist. Rome II. 459 Like the dais or upper part of our old castle and college halls. 1860Emerson Cond. Life, Behaviour Wks. (Bohn) II. 386 The grandee took his place on the dais. 1893F. Thompson Poems 50 Underneath her azured daïs, Quaffing, as your taintless way is, From a chalice. 1898H. Newbolt Island Race 69 The College Eight and their trainer dining aloof, The Dons on the daïs serene. 1907R. M. Burrows Discoveries in Crete i. 10 At one end of a pillared hall..there is a narrow raised daïs.
b. By extension: The platform of a lecture hall; the raised floor on which the pulpit and communion table stand in some places of worship.
1888Nature 26 Jan. 299/1 As a lecturer he was not brilliant; he appeared shy and nervous when on the dais. 1893Newspr. A Flower Service was held in the church; the pulpit and dais were tastefully decorated.
c. Freemasonry. (See quot. 1866.)
1866Masonic Eclectic Sept. 371 Dais, the platform or raised floor in the East, on which the presiding officer is seated. 1925A. Hardinge Life H. H. M. Herbert I. 223 The crippling decisions of the Grand Master and the ‘Dais’ or board. Ibid., The ‘Dais’ was consternated at the audacity of so young a brother.
3. In some early examples (chiefly northern) it appears to have the sense ‘seat, bench’; so in Sc.
a. ‘A long board, seat, or bench, erected against a wall’, a settle; also, ‘a seat on the outer side of a country house or cottage’.
b. A seat, bench, or pew in a church. (Jamieson.) chamber of dais: see chamber n. 11.
a1330Syr Degarre 765 Amidde the halle flore A fir was bet stark and store: He sat adoun upon the dais, And warmed him wel eche wais.
a1774Fergusson Farmer's Ingle (1845) 38 In its auld lerroch yet the deas remains, Where the guidman aft streeks him at his ease. 17..Jamieson Pop. Ball. (1806) I. 211 (Jam.) The priest afore the altar stood,—The Mer-man he stept o'er ae deas, And he has steppit over three. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xviii, The old man was seated on the deas, or turf-seat, at the end of his cottage. 1832–53Whistle-binkie (Sc. Songs) Ser. iii. 73 Last Sunday, in your faither's dais, I saw thy bloomin' May-morn face. 1872E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 107 The chamber of Deese, the best room in the farmhouse of a certain class.
4. transf. (from 2) A raised platform or terrace of any kind; e.g. in the open air.
1861N. A. Woods Prince of Wales in Canada 341 A noble and lofty flight of steps—those daises of architecture which..add..to the grand and imposing effect of lofty façades. 1884C. Rogers Soc. Life Scot. I. ix. 378 On the slopes of ancient daisses or hill terraces.
5. [after mod.Fr.—not an Eng. sense.] The canopy over a throne or chair of state.
1863Thornbury True as Steel I. 147 The Bishop..occupied with bland dignity the chief throne under the dais. 1866Village on Cliff iii, An old daïs of Queen Anne's time still hung over his doorway.
▪ II. dais
Sc. pl. of daw, doe. |