| 释义 |
ˈstabilizer
[f. stabilize v. + -er1.]
1. a. Aeronaut. A stabilizing apparatus or device.
1909C. C. Turner Aerial Navig. To-day (1910) 315 Stabilizer, the tail of a flying-machine. 1910Times 1 Nov. 4/5 The men removed the propellers, the ‘stabilizer’, and various parts of the fittings. 1911G. C. Loening Monoplanes & Biplanes x. 136 A horizontal surface placed at the rear acts as a longitudinal stabilizer. 1918J. M. Grider War Birds (1927) 221 He managed to land with his stabilizer wheel. 1920Discovery Mar. 77/2 Captain Caquot solved the problem by fitting the peculiar large stabilisers, or tails, which give the balloon a conspicuous, almost an uncanny appearance. 1948W. Ley Rockets & Space Travel vii. 180 Schaefer and I are inclined to believe that even a 1 g rocket might be able to do without a stabilizer. 1962F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics ii. 17 The Dutch tried using small fins attached to the body of the rocket in order to do away with the unwieldy stabilizer stick. 1973Times 21 Feb. 7/1 The stabilizer of the Soviet airliner..had jammed.
b. Naut. A device intended to reduce the rolling of a ship in heavy seas. Cf. gyrostabilizer s.v. gyro- b.
1913Engineering 13 June 820/1 The perfect stabiliser must act against the forces which are acting on the ship in such a way as to always resist the effect of the sea in producing motion. 1946Nature 24 Aug. 250/2 A chapter follows on the sperry gyro ship-stabilizer, in which each gyro rotor weighs 100 tons and spins at 800 revolutions a minute. 1958Engineering 28 Mar. 386/3 The installation of anti-roll Denny-Brown stabilisers in the Cunard Liner Queen Mary has now been finished. 1968W. J. Fox Marine Auxiliary Machinery (ed. 4) xvi. 461 It is in the provision of this form of [flume] control that the main differences lie between the flume stabilization system and the older types of passive tank stabilizer. 1983Listener 14 July 12/1 We abruptly lurched... ‘Technical proving of the stabiliser,’ said the announcement.
c. Chiefly N. Amer. A stabilizing device on a motor vehicle or tractor; spec. = sway bar (b) s.v. sway-. Also stabilizer bar.
1931Automobile Engineer Nov. 481/3 The stabiliser bar on the Panhard-Levassow..is fitted transversely at the rear end of the chassis. 1939Audel's New Automotive Guide xxxii. 827 Practically all modern cars are provided with stabilizers as standard equipment. 1949Landon & Hafferkamp in Frazee & Bedell Automotive Fundamentals viii. 445 The stabilizer may be thought of as a third spring which connects the two individual suspensions. 1962Which? Car Suppl. Oct. 138/1 Clamp bolts of stabiliser bar [were] slightly loose. 1966Shippen & Turner Basic Farm Machinery I. viii. 94 Stabilizers. These are also used to prevent side to side movement of certain farm implements. They usually take the form of metal bars slightly cranked at each end and they fit between an anchorage point beneath the rear axle and the ends of the linkage bars. 1977‘D. Rutherford’ Return Load ii. 32 She's got optional six-wheel drive with stabilizers operating on the front and rear axle.
d. pl. A pair of small supporting wheels fitted one at each side of the rear wheel of a child's bicycle, to keep it upright.
1960A. L. Pullen Cycling Handbk. (ed. 3) i. 10 (caption) Child's lightweight cycle with stabilizers. 1970Kay & Co. (Worcester) Catal. 1970–71 Autumn/Winter 982/1 RSW 11 Cycle... It has a 12 inch frame, 11 inch pneumatic tyres, a spacious rear hold-all, and stabilizers. 1978Dumfries & Galloway Standard 21 Oct. 21/7 (Advt.), Child's bicycle, with stabilisers, as new, to suit 3–6 years.
2. A substance added to an explosive to render it less liable to spontaneous decomposition (Webster, 1911). More widely, an additive which inhibits chemical or physical change in a substance, esp. one used to prevent the breaking of an emulsion.
1909Chem. Abstr. III. 1342 Vaseline which was added originally to protect the gun has turned out to be a valuable stabilizer for the powder. 1932Discovery Aug. 240/1 The coal was prevented from separating from the oil by the addition of a ‘stabilizer’. 1940Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) IV. 520/1 In the early days of smokeless powders a small amount of alkali was added as a stabiliser. 1948J. Osborne Dental Mech. (ed. 2) xi. 183 Since the monomer will polymerize by the action of heat or light, it is necessary to prevent this occurring... An inhibitor, or stabilizer, is therefore added to all dental monomers. 1963W. J. Woolgar Plastics in Plumbing v. 57 A small proportion of stabilizer is added, to prevent the P.V.C. from decomposing at processing temperatures. 1966Punch 5 Jan. 9/1 Mrs. Joyce Butler..has introduced a Labelling of Food Bill which calls for a detailed specification..of anti-oxidants, emulsifiers and stabilisers in foods. 1977Lancet 15 Oct. 780/2 Because it increases the viscosity of solutions guar gum is widely used in the food industry as a thickener and stabiliser of fat emulsions.
3. Electronics.
a. A circuit or device for preventing unwanted feedback.
b. A circuit that holds the output voltage of a power supply at a constant level despite changes in supply voltage or load, by comparison with a fixed reference voltage. Also stabilizer circuit.
1924Moyer & Wostrel Practical Radio viii. 119 A common stabilizer for all the radio-frequency stages is generally sufficient. 1936Physical Rev. L. 1094/2 (heading) Electronic voltage stabilizers. 1958D. G. A. Thomas in O. R. Frisch Nuclear Handbk. xv. 24 The principle of..stabilisers is to compare the output voltage (or fraction of it) with that of a voltage reference source, amplify the difference, and use it to control the output. 1974Harvey & Bohlman Stereo F.M. Radio Handbk. v. 82 An amplifier is not essential but its use improves the regulation of the stabilizer circuit.
4. gen. Something that reduces variation in the condition or behaviour of anything.
1955Times 15 July 9/2 These stabilizers included increased social service payments, agricultural price supports..an easy credit policy..and a tax system which made tax liabilities fall faster than income during the recession. 1958Manch. Guardian 21 Jan. 6/1 The ‘built-in stabilisers’ of the American economy are beginning to grip.
5. Math. A subgroup of a permutation group, being the group of elements that map some subset of the permuted elements on to itself.
1965J. J. Rotman Theory of Groups iii. 49 If x ε X, then the set of all t ε G that fix x forms a subgroup Hx of G (called the stabilizer of x). 1979Proc. London Math. Soc. XXXVIII. 200 Hence the stabilizer of e, Stab (e) = {ob}g {vb} ge = e{cb} is finite. |