| 释义 |
squill|skwɪl|
Also 5 sqwylle, squylle, 6 squyll, 7 squille, 6–8 squil.
[ad. L. squilla, var. scilla, a. Gr. σκίλλα. So F. squille, It. squilla, Pg. esquilla, Sp. escila]
1. a. A bulb or root of the sea-onion or other related plant (see 2). Chiefly in pl.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 195 Froting wiþ squillis is good þerfore. Ibid. 196 Þou schalt frote wel þe place with squillis in a stewe. 1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 20 Thrust a squill dipped in oyle into hys throte, to cause him perbreake. 1600Surflet Countrie Farme 143 As for cornes and apostumes they must be killed with strong leauens, onions, lillies, or squils and vineger. 1626Bacon Sylva §445 Put them into a Squill, (which is like a great Onion,) and they will come up much earlier than in the Earth it self. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 689 Add to these..Hellebore, and Squills deep rooted in the Seas. 1725Fam. Dict. s.v. Venice-Treacle, In the other part of the Wine infuse..green Squills for some time. 1738Chambers Cycl. (1752) s.v. Scilla, There are two kinds of squills, the male and female,..also distinguished by the appellations of white squills..and red squills. 1807Robinson Archæol. Græca iii. iv. 211 By drawing round the person purified a squill, or sea-onion. 1838Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 716 Macerate dry squills in alcohol, decant, and distil. 1866Treas. Bot. 1194/2 It has been supposed that the Red Squills are the produce of another species, Urginea Pancration, but this seems doubtful.
b. In the names of various preparations made from these bulbs.
1652French Yorkshire Spa ix. 82 Let him..take some easie vomit, as of Oxymel, or wine of Squils. 1684[see oxymel]. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Scillites acetum, Vinegar of Squills. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 172 Galen..gave it to a Dram in Oxymel or Honey of Squills. 1778Encycl. Brit. (ed. 2) I. 311 A solution of gum ammoniac in vinegar of squills. 1810Crabbe Borough vii. 248 A potent thing, 'twas said, to cure the ills Of ailing lungs—the oxymel of squills. 1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 551 Oxymel of squills and compound tinct. of camphor.
c. Pharm. Without article, as a substance.
1725Fam. Dict. s.v., Vinegar made of Squill or Scillitick Oximel. 1836Pharm. R. Coll. Phys. 56 Squill contains a peculiar vegetable product to which the name of scillitin has been given. 1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 480 Clinical experience has established the fact that in small repeated doses squill is diuretic as well as expectorant. 1947Federation Proc. VI. 333/1 The identity of the cardiac and the convulsant properties of red squill receives support from an experiment. 1963Times 25 Jan. 13/7 The poisons are principally red squill, sodium fluoro-acetate, and rodenticides containing elemental phosphorus. 1974M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. iii. 57 Strychnine and red squill have been used as rat poisons.
2. Bot.
a. The bulbous-rooted sea-shore plant Scilla (or Urginea) maritima; the sea-onion; also, any other species of the genus Scilla.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 856 Eek figtre askis oon on rukul throwith, Another hangith vp or sowith squylle. Ibid. iv. 340 To sowe ek squylle is kynde On euery side. c1440Promp. Parv. 471/1 Sqwylle, herbe, cepa maris, bulbus. 1516Grete Herball ccccxiii. (1529) Y iv, A squyll or see onyon. 1562Turner Herbal ii. (1568) 62 It is meruelus that chanseth vnto the Squill or se vnyon & to Narcissus. 1629Parkinson Parad. xi. 134 The Squill or Sea Onion is wholly vsed physically with us, because wee can receiue no pleasure from the sight of the flowers. 1725Fam. Dict. s.v., Squill is of a sharp and corrosive Nature; they wrap up its Root in Paste or Fullers Earth, and bake it in an Oven. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 328 Squill, scilla. 1862Ansted Channel Isl. ii. viii. (ed. 2) 177 The picturesque little squill (Scilla autumnalis) will be found on the high ground. 1868D. Gorrie Summers & W. Orkneys v. 222 The field-gentian, the bird's-eye primrose, and the squill.
b. With distinguishing terms.
1629Parkinson Parad. (1656) 133 To taste of the red Squil. 1731Miller Gard. Dict. s.v. Scilla, Common Red Squil. Ibid., The White Squil. 1796Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 338 Autumnal Squill. Ibid., Vernal Squill. 1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 362 There are two varieties of the officinal squill, one with a white bulb and the other with a reddish bulb. 1842Penny Cycl. XXII. 396/1 Squilla maritima, the maritime squill, has large roundish ovate bulbs. Ibid., Roxburgh's Indian Squill (Scilla Indica). 1848Johns Week at Lizard 279 Scilla autumnalis, Autumnal Squill, a plant very like the vernal species. 1901Speaker 20 Apr. 86/2 The meagre turf was spangled with the vernal squill.
c. A plant of the sea-onion or related species. Chiefly pl. as a collective term.
1601Holland Pliny II. 19 These Squilles or Sea-onions grow in exceeding great abundance..throughout all Spaine. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 178 Near the Sea grow Squills, or Sea-Onions. 1718Ozell tr. Tournefort's Voy. i. 152 The rest of the Mountain is spread with Cretan Thyme,..Lentisques, Squills. 1767Abercrombie Ev. Man own Gardener (1803) 727/2 Squills, sea onion, or lily hyacinth. 1846Lindley Veg. Kingd. 202 With the Scilleæ or Squills, we reach a division of the Order [etc.]. 1882Garden 4 Mar. 139/3 The early Squills, too, assert themselves boldly.
3. One or other of certain plants resembling the squill (see quots.).
1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 328 Squill, Lesser white, Pancratium. 1866Treas. Bot. 1089/2 Chinese Squill, Barnardia. Ibid., Roman Squill, Bellevalia.
4. Zool. The mantis-shrimp, Squilla mantis.
1710Sibbald Hist. Fife 54 The Crustate Animals comprehend under them several Species, such as the Squills, the Crabs, the Lobsters, and the Sea-Vrchin. 1879E. P. Wright Anim. Life 536 Here would be placed the curious Squill, so common in the Mediterranean (Squilla mantis).
5. attrib. and Comb., as squill bulb, squill pill, squill vinegar; squill-like; † squill-fish, = sense 4; † squill-head (see quot.); † squill-insect, = squilla 3.
1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 7 Sirnaming him Joult-head and Onions head, or as we should say Squil-head. 1681Grew Musæum i. vii. iii. 176 The Squill-Insect... So called from some similitude to the Squill-Fish. c1790Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) I. 622/2 Ammoniac..is an ingredient also in the squill pills. Ibid., A plaster made of it and squill vinegar. 1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 362 The squill bulb is inodorous. 1822Good Study Med. IV. 402 When mixed, however, with the squill pill..it often succeeds. 1825Greenho. Comp. I. 109 Ixia scillaris, squill-like flowers. |