| 释义 |
abutment|əˈbʌtmənt|
[f. abut v. + -ment. Cf. OFr. aboutement, ‘borne, limite, extrémité qui confine avec une autre.’ Godefroi.]
1. The meeting end to end; the place where projecting ends meet each other; junction.
1644Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 118 The four fountains of Lepidus, built at the abutments of four stately ways. 1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 26 Two rooms cannot be within one abutment, unless they be thereby clapt into one.
2. The action of abutting, or terminating upon.
1870Rolleston An. Life 43 Separated into a lumbar and a sacral division, by the abutment of the iliac bones upon the vertebrae.
3. Arch. The solid part of a pier or wall, etc., against which an arch abuts, or from which it immediately springs, acting as a support to the thrust or lateral pressure. In a bridge, the masonry (or rock) at either end supporting the arches.
1793Smeaton Edystone Lightho. §274 The sloping abutments of an arch [now skewback]. 1823Nicholson Pract. Builder 328 In masonry, the abutments of a bridge mean the walls adjoining to the land. 1879Building Constr. in Cassell's Techn. Educ. I. 197 Piers imply supports which receive vertical pressure, whilst abutments are such as resist outward thrust.
4. By extension, That upon which anything abuts or leans, or from which it receives firm support.
a1734North Examen ii. v. §81. 365 The whole Scheme and Abutment of the rebellious Project was founded upon them. 1793Holcroft Lavater's Physiog. ix. 54 I have generally considered the Nose as the foundation or abutment of the brain. 1850Merivale Hist. Rom. Emp. (1865) VIII. lxiii. 30 The no less rugged abutments of the northern spurs of the Balkans. 1860Tyndall Glaciers i. §25. 187 Long clear icicles, tapering from their abutments. 1873Mivart Elem. Anat. ii. 64 Its [the sternum's] human condition of serving as a ventral abutment to ribs though general is not constant.
Add:[4.] b. Dentistry. A tooth that anchors or supports a prosthesis. Also abutment tooth.
1895Brit. Jrnl. Dental Sci. XXXVIII. 550 Bridgework in dentistry is the building of an artificial denture..depending upon the abutments for its stability and position. 1930G. M. Hollenback in I. G. Nicholls Prosthetic Dentistry xlii. 653 It..does not provide as good retention, nor as good support for the abutment tooth as a partial veneer. 1963C. R. Cowell et al. Inlays, Crowns, & Bridges xi. 129 The inclination of the abutments will determine the path of insertion of the bridge. 1975H. Thomson Occlusion xi. 215 With the exception of the canine an abutment tooth for a partial denture should have two roots. |