| 释义 |
▪ I. abuse, v.|əˈbjuːz|
[a. Fr. abuse-r (cf. Pr. and Sp. abusar, It. abusare), pointing to a popular L. *abūsā-re, f. abūs-us, pa. pple. of abūt-i, 1. to use up, 2. to misuse, 3. (late L.) to disuse, f. ab away + ūti, ūsus to use.]
†1. Sc. To disuse, give up. Obs.
1471Parl. Jas. III (1814) 100 (Jam.) At [= That] the futbal and golf be abusit in tym cummyng, & the buttis maid up, & schuting usit.
2. a. To use improperly, to misuse; to make a bad use of, to pervert, or misemploy; to take a bad advantage of. spec. To take (a drug) for a purpose other than a therapeutic one.
1413Lydgate Pylg. Sowle (1859) i. xv. 12 Wel thou wost who that me hath abused, myn enemy, that hath me now accused. 1483Caxton Cato g viij, Thou oughtest to dyspende thy goodes by mesure..to thende that men sayen not that thou abusest them. 1581Lyly Euphues (1636) E. x, How wantonly, yea and how willingly haue we abused our golden time. 1611Bible 1 Cor. ix. 18 That I abuse not my power in the Gospel. 1663Gerbier Counsel C vj. a, With more I shall not presume to abuse your Lordships patience. 1771Junius Lett. lxi. 317 The liberty of the press may be abused. 1829Scott Rob Roy i. 64 I dare not promise that I may not abuse the opportunity so temptingly offered me. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. II. x. 503 Restoring his brother to the authority which he had so abused. 1968Jrnl. Health, Physical Educ. & Recreation XXXIX. 27/1 Any substance capable of altering man's mood has abuse capability... The specific substance abused is of less direct importance to the user than the end result. 1972E. H. Ellinwood in Ellinwood & Cohen Current Concepts on Amphetamine Abuse xiv. 146/1 The greatest increase in libido was often noted in women, especially those who had been relatively frigid prior to abusing amphetamines. 1984Brit. Med. Jrnl. 8 Sept. 612/2 He abused a wide variety of drugs.
†b. To use in error, to mistake. Obs.
1548Turner Names of Herbes 29 Cholchicum is abused of some Poticaries for Hermodactylus. 1551― Herbal (1568) i. 41 Some have abused long smallage for persely, wherein they have been deceived.
†3. To misrepresent, colour falsely; to adulterate. refl. To show oneself in false colours, to make false pretensions. Obs.
c1430Lydgate Bochas (1554) ix. iii. 197 b, With litle grayn, your chaffe ye can abuse. 1509Hawes Past. of Pleas. xviii. 84 O goodd madame! though that they abused Them to theyr ladyes in theyr great deceyte, Yet am I true. 1697View of Penal Laws 243 None selling Wines in Gross shall abuse or mix any of them with other Ingredients. 1702Eng. Theophr. Pref. 4 How miserably that noble author has been abused by his Translators. 1749Fielding Tom Jones (1840) xvii. ii. 243/2 He hath been abused, grossly abused to you.
†4.
a. To make a wrong use of any one's confidence; to impose upon, cheat, or deceive (a person). Obs. but preserved in the negative disabuse.
1481Caxton Myrrour ii. ix. 87 Wherof..the maronners saylling by this see ben gretely deceyued and abused. 1553Lyndesay Mon. i. 1004 Rychtso the woman hir excusit, And said: ‘the serpent me abusit.’ 1649Jer. Taylor Great Exemp. iii. xvii. 65 He was abused into the act by a Prophet. 1702Eng. Theophr. 248 A Prince that desires by means of his Ambassador to deceive any other Prince, must first abuse his own Ambassador, to the end he should speak with the more earnestness. 1776Wesley Wks. 1830 IV. 39 Many saw how miserably they had been abused by those vulgarly called Gospel Preachers.
†b. refl. and pass. To be deceived, mistaken. to be abused upon or in: to form a mistaken idea of, to fall into error about. Obs.
1477Caxton Jason 41 b, If ye juge the disposition of my body after the colour of my face ye be gretly abused. 1525Ld. Berners Froissart II. ccxxiv. [ccxx.] 703 The Christen men were abused vpon ii. popes..some beleuyng on the one pope, and some vpon the other. Ibid. ccxxv. [ccxxi.] 704 [He] had great dout that he was sore abused in those two popes. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. 41 You are much abused if you think your vertue can withstand the Kings power. 1660Howell, Thou dost abuse thyself grossly: Tu t' abuses tout a fait. a1718Penn Tracts Wks. 1726 I. 766 That so we may not profane the name of God..nor abuse our selues unto Eternal Perdition. 1734tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. (1827) VII. xvii. 305 To see themselves abused in the hopes they had entertained.
5. To ill-use or maltreat; to injure, wrong, or hurt.
1556W. Lauder Tractate 331 And, geue thay haue the floke abusit, Ȝe, Kyngs, sall be for that accusit. 1611Bible 2 Mac. xiv. 42 Chusing rather to die manfully, then to come into the hands of the wicked to be abused otherwise then beseemed his noble birth. 1662Fuller Worthies 117 He that abuseth his servants, giving them too little food or sleep. 1691Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) II. 315 The duke of Norfolke was abused in the fray at the playhouse. 1756Burke Vind. Nat. Soc. Wks. I. 39 In this kind of government human nature is not only abused and insulted, but it is actually degraded. Mod. It is the characteristic of the English drunkard to abuse his wife and family.
6. To violate, ravish, defile. ? Obs.
1553Lyndesay Monarche i. 1236 Quhow men and wemen schamefullye Abusit thame selfis vnnaturallye. 1611Bible Judg. xix. 25 And abused her all the night vntil the morning. 1767Fordyce Serm. to Yng. Women I. i. 9 He that abuses you dishonours his mother.
7. To wrong with words; to speak injuriously of or to; to malign, revile.
a. trans.
1604Shakes. Oth. v. i. 123 I am no Strumpet, but of life as honest, As you that thus abuse me. 1705Otway Orphan ii. iv. 564 What have I done? and why do you abuse me? 1839Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 52 A preface in which the Pope was abused in the most virulent terms.
b. intr.
1468Coventry Myst. (1841) 73 Whow durste thou amonge fruteful presume and abuse?
▪ II. abuse, n.|əˈbjuːs|
[a. Fr. abus:—L. abūsus, 1. wearing out, 2. misuse; n. of completed action from abūt-i. See abuse v.]
†1. The process of using up or wearing out. Obs.
1539Cranmer Col. ii. 22 Touch not, tast not, handell not: whych all peryeshe thorow the very abuse [Wyclif vse. Tindale & 1611 vsinge].
2. a. Wrong or improper use, misuse, misapplication, perversion. spec. The non-therapeutic or excessive use of a drug; the misuse of any substance, esp. for its stimulant effects. Cf. drug-abuse s.v. drug n.1 1 b; solvent abuse s.v. solvent n. 5.
1538Bale Thre Lawes 709 These two wyll hym so vse Ichone in their abuse. 1602Warner Albion's England (1612) ix. lii. 236 Yet things, that of themselues be good, abuse brings out of square. 1756C. Lucas On Waters I. 29 I have observed the same from the abuse of Spa water. 1846Mill Logic (1868) i. ii. §4. 29 Imitating him in this abuse of language. 1862Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. i. 18 It would be a great abuse of terms to call the Venetian a Mixed Aristocracy. 1879G. C. Harlan Eyesight vi. 78 It [tendency to short sight] may sometimes originate in later life from abuse of the eyes. 1961Drug Addiction (Rep. Interdepartmental Comm., Min. Health & Dept. of Health, Scotl.) 15 The abuse of stimulant drugs such as the amphetamines and phenmetrazine has led to some publicity and concern. 1969R. R. Lingeman Drugs from A to Z p. vii, The fact that in recent years drug use, or more correctly abuse, has radically changed is..the raison d'être of this book. 1970(title) Alcohol abuse. (Office of Health.) 1974M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. vi. 124 Whereas..amphetamine-like drugs may be useful in the early stages of dieting, the development of tolerance and their abuse potential limit their long-term value as appetite-suppressants. 1984Sunday Times 9 Dec. 3/6 This is a setback for the campaign against increasing heroin abuse among the young in all parts of the country.
b. Rhet. Improper use of words, catachresis.
1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie (1869) 190, Catachresis, or the Figure of abuse..if for lacke of naturall and proper terme or worde we take another, neither naturall nor proper and do vntruly applie it to the thing which we would seeme to expresse. a1716South 12 Serm. (1744) II. 93 The acception of the word amongst the Greeks and Latines..is through abuse and degeneration.
3. A bad or improper usage (i.e. a use which has become chronic), a corrupt practice.
1486Caxton Curial 3 The abuses of the courte..ben suche that a man is neuer suffred tenhaunce hymself. 1550Crowley Last Trumpet 615 Thou learned man, do not disdayne..Thy greate abuses to refrayne, And in thy callyng to go ryght. 1699Dr. Tanner in Pepys' Diary VI. 186 Some letters about the abuses of Christ's Hospital. a1745Swift Adv. of Relig. Wks. 1824 VIII. 107 The nature of things is such, that, if abuses be not remedied, they will certainly increase. 1780Burke Sp. on Econ. Ref. Wks. III. 247 There is a time, when the hoary head of inveterate abuse will neither draw reverence, nor obtain protection. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 121 It seemed perfectly natural that he should defend abuses by which he profited.
†4. Imposture, deceit; delusion. Obs.
1555Fardle of Facions, Pref. 15 Some he [the deuell] reuersed into their former abuses and errours. 1602Shakes. Ham. iv. vii. 51 Or is it some abuse? Or no such thing? 1605― Macb. iii. iv. 142 My strange and self-abuse Is the initiate feare, that wants hard vse. 1653Urquhart Rabelais i. xlv, Do the false prophets teach you such abuses?
†5. Injury, wrong, ill-usage. Obs.
1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, iii. iii. 188 Did I let passe th' abuse done to my Neece? 1598― Merry W. v. iii. 8 My husband will not reioyce so much at the abuse of Falstaffe, as he will chafe at the Doctors marrying my daughter. 1682Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) I. 224 Lieutenant Colonel Quiney..offered an abuse to Sir John Lawrence by pulling him down off the hustings.
6. Violation, defilement (now only in self-abuse).
1580Sidney Arc. ii. (T.), Was it not enough for him to have deceived me, and through the deceit abused me, and after the abuse forsaken me? 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v. Abuse, Self-Abuse is a phrase used by some late writers for the crime of self-pollution.
7. Injurious speech, reviling, execration; abusive language.
1559Myrroure for Mag. i. 4 Blowen up the blast of all abuse. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. v. i. 347 Harke how the villaine would close now, after his treasonable abuses. 1759Dilworth Life of Pope 77 Mr. Pope bore for a long time the gross abuses thrown out by his adversaries. 1780Harris Philol. Enq. (1841) 534 For every past age, when present, has been the object of abuse. a1859Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1861) V. xxiv. 128 The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse, came to blows.
[6.] For def. read: Violation, defilement. In mod. use esp. sexual or other maltreatment, and freq. with qualifying word, as child abuse, self-abuse n., sexual abuse, etc.
1893Medico-Legal Jrnl. (N.Y.) X. 377 Cruelty signifies abuse, and the law is to be construed in its application, to prevent the abuse of children. 1985J. J. Costa (title) Abuse of the elderly: a guide to resources and services. |