| 释义 |
‖ curia|ˈkjʊərɪə|
[L. cūria, in sense 1.]
1. Antiq.
a. One of the ten divisions into which each of the three ancient Roman tribes were divided; hence used of the divisions in other ancient cities.
b. The building belonging to a Roman curia, serving primarily as its place of worship.
c. The senate-house at Rome.
d. A title given to the senate of ancient Italian towns, as distinguished from that of Rome.
1600Holland Livy v. 209 Camillus should be called back again out of exile by a Ward-leet, or the suffrages of the Curiæ. 1626Massinger Rom. Actor i. i, Lets to the curia, And, though unwillingly, give our suffrages, Before we are compell'd. 1656J. Harrington Oceana 76 (Jod.) The people..are first divided into thirty curias, or parishes. 1852Grote Greece ii. lxxxi. X. 549 There is reason for believing that the genuine Carthaginian citizens were distributed into 3 tribes, 30 curiæ, and 300 gentes.
2. A court of justice, counsel, or administration; used esp. of the royal and other courts of the feudal organization.
In mediæval L., curia was the word regularly employed to render F. cour, court, and it is so used by modern historians, esp. in Curia regis, the King's Curia, or King's Court, of the Norman kings of England.[c1178Glanville 1 Hic incipit liber primus de placitis quae pertinent ad curiam regis.] 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey) s.v., In our Common Law, Curia signifies a Court of Judicature. 1861Pearson Early & Mid. Ages Eng. 414 Historically, the court of exchequer..was developed out of the curia, or great court of the king's tenants-in-chief. 1874Stubbs Const. Hist. I. xi. 377 Whereas, under William the Conqueror and William Rufus the term Curia generally..refers to the solemn courts held thrice a year or on particular summons, at which all tenants-in-chief were supposed to attend, from the reign of Henry I we have distinct traces of a judicial system, a supreme court of justice called the Curia Regis, presided over by the king or justiciars. 1890Guardian 28 May 868/1 The Archbishop of Canterbury..without a curia, without traditions, without committees of experts and theologians..is going to settle..some most difficult points.
3. spec. the Curia: the Papal court.
‘In the stricter sense, the authorities which administer the Papal Primacy; in a wider acceptation it embraces all the authorities and functionaries forming the immediate entourage or Court of the Pope’ (Cath. Dict.).
1840S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Popes (1847) I. 237 (Stanford) Still more important to the curia was the second article, concerning the plurality of benefices. 1878Stubbs Const. Hist. III. xix. 352 It was a curious coincidence that the great breach between England and Rome should be the result of a litigation in a matrimonial suit, one of the few points in which the Curia had continued to exercise any real jurisdiction.
4. Hist.
a. Each of four electoral bodies in the Austrian constitution of 1861.
b. Each of three bodies, representing respectively the nobles, knights, and towns, into which the members of the estates of Bohemia were divided in 1446.
1907Westm. Gaz. 28 May 2/1 How false was the idea given by the old Curia Parliament of what were the feelings and the aspirations of the people of Austria. 1908Ibid. 16 Jan. 2/1 He wished to see Bohemia divided into curias—Germans being governed by a German, and Czechs by a Czech curia. 1910Encycl. Brit. III. 26/1 (Austria). Ibid. IV. 126/2 (Bohemia). |