| 释义 |
▪ I. sprue, n.1 Path.|spruː|
Also sprew, Sc. sproo.
[ad. Du. spruw, sprouw (older Flem. sprouwe, WFlem. sproe, = MLG. and LG. sprüwe), perh. related to Flem. spruwen, sproeien to sprinkle (cf. sprew1).]
1. = thrush2 1. ? Obs.
Erroneously defined by Webster (1828–32) as ‘a matter formed in the mouth in certain diseases’.
1825Jamieson Suppl., Sproo, a disease affecting the mouths of very young children. 1847Webster, Sprew, a disease of the mucous membrane, consisting in a specific inflammation of the muciparous glands. Ibid., Sprue,..this is sometimes a vicious orthography of Sprew, the name of the disease otherwise called thrush. 1899Syd. Soc. Lex. s.v. Thrush, Parasitic stomatitis. Also called aphthæ, sprew, sprue.
2. A disease characterized by sore throat, raw tongue, and digestive disturbance, occurring esp. in tropical countries; psilosis.
1888Thin (title), Psilosis or ‘Sprue’: its nature and treatment. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 777 Amongst the remoter causes of sprue prolonged residence in hot climates must be reckoned as the first.
attrib.1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 778 One who has resided in a sprue country. Ibid. 790 In the debilitated condition of sprue patients. Ibid. 793 Nostrums used in Java by a class of charlatans who profess to be ‘sprue doctors’.
▪ II. sprue, n.2 Founding.|spruː|
[Of obscure origin.]
1. a. A channel through which molten metal or plastic flows into a mould cavity or the runner supplying it. Also attrib.
Webster's definition is probably erroneous.
1828–32Webster, Sprue, in Scotland, that which is thrown off in casting metals; scoria. 1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl., Sprue Hole, a gate, ingate, or pouring-hole in a mold. 1884W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron 201 The smaller passages, often two or three in number, leading from the skimming gate to the mould are called sprues or sprue gates. 1939J. Osborne Dental Mechanics xvi. 173 Sprues are necessary to convey the gold to the denture base. In order that this may be accomplished as quickly as possible it is usual to use three, four or even five sprues. 1943Simonds & Ellis Handbk. Plastics xv. 593 In a single-cavity mold, the sprue usually leads directly to the cavity, and there is no runner. 1979L. J. Boucher Comprehensive Rev. Dentistry xxiii. 640/2 The sprues should be large enough that the molten metal in them will not solidify until after the metal in the casting has solidified.
b. A piece of metal or plastic attached to a casting, having solidified in the mould channel; spec. a stem joining a number of toys or other small items of moulded plastic.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1084/2 Head,..the sprue, sullage-piece, or riser on a casting, which is knocked off. 1911G. H. Wilson Dental Prosthetics ix. 353 The investment is broken and brushed away from the casting... The sprues are snipped away and the edges filed. 1940M. G. Swenson Complete Dentures xxxiii. 576 The sprues..are removed by cutting with a carborundum disc or a jeweler's saw. 1966Airfix Mag. June 308/1 Stretched sprue comes in very useful for numerous jobs. It is exceptionally rigid as compared with wire. 1971W. R. Matthews Plastic Scale Model Aircraft 72 Some practice is needed to master the technique and initially the failure rate is high—the plastic sprue just pulls in two. 1977Vole I. 16/1 The sprue is the little plastic tree to which the functional bits of plastic are attached as in an aeroplane modelling kit.
c. An object used to form such a channel, e.g. by being withdrawn or by melting.
a1877Knight Dict. Mech. III. 2292/2 Sprue, a piece of metal or wood used by a molder in making the ingate through the sand. 1908G. V. Black Operative Dentistry II. 353 The hole left connecting the mold with the little crucible by the removal of the sprue is too small for even the very highly heated gold to run through by its own weight. 1979L. J. Boucher Comprehensive Rev. Dentistry xiv. 388/2 The wax sprue melts at the same time as the wax in the pattern.
2. Comb. sprue former Dentistry, (a) a wax channel for guiding moulding material into a mould; (b) = sense 1 c above; (c) a tube or syringe for producing a wax channel.
1911G. H. Wilson Dental Prosthetics x. 344 The completed wax model is prepared for flasking by attaching gate or sprue formers. 1920Ibid. (ed. 4) x. 406 To operate the sprue former remove the screw plunger and fill the barrel with the desired wax. 1930S. S. Jaffe in I. G. Nichols Prosthetic Dentistry xxx. 537 Make five sprue formers about the size of matchsticks. 1936E. W. Skinner Sci. Dental Materials xxix. 252 After obtaining the wax pattern, it is used for preparing a casting mold. A small length of wire, called the sprue former, is attached. 1961J. N. Anderson Applied Dental Materials (ed. 2) xv. 141 The pattern may be removed by attaching a metal sprue former and then withdrawing the wax in a straight line away from the cavity. 1975Brewer & Morrow Overdentures xiv. 197/1 The stainless steel sprue former is placed in the impression in the hydrocolloid formed by the cone attached to the master cast.
▪ III. sprue, n.3|spruː|
[Of obscure origin.]
A poor or inferior quality of asparagus. Also sprue grass.
1846A. Soyer Cookery 41 Throw in the sprue and let it boil very fast until tender. Ibid., Get some fresh sprue grass. 1884Girl's Own Paper Feb. 219/3 Long, thin straggling asparagus, commonly known as sprue. 1895Times 3 April 3/4 Sprue, 9d. to 1s.; asparagus, 1s. 6d. to 3s. per bundle.
▪ IV. sprue, v. Dentistry.
[f. sprue n.2]
trans. To furnish with a sprue or sprues.
1943F. A. Peyton Restorative Dental Materials vii. 246/2 (heading) Spruing the pattern. 1949Brit. Dental Jrnl. LXXXVI. 114/1 The wax pattern is thoroughly cleansed... It is sprued, the reservoir added and mounted on a rubber crucible former. 1963J. Osborne Dental Mechanics (ed. 5) xiv. 319 If the pattern has been sprued from above then the mixed investment is coated over the pattern and sprues. 1975Brewer & Morrow Overdentures xiv. 201/1 After completion of the wax-up, the case is sprued.
So ˈsprueing vbl. n., provision of sprues.
1930S. S. Jaffe in I. G. Nichols Prosthetic Dentistry xxx. 537 This method of ‘sprueing’ is only suitable for a centrifugal casting machine. 1979L. J. Boucher Comprehensive Rev. Dentistry xxiii. 640/2, 8 to 12 gauge round wax forms are usually used for multiple sprueing of removable partial denture castings. |