| 释义 |
▪ I. sprout, n.1|spraʊt|
Also 4, 6 sproute, 7 sprowt(e, sproot(e.
[Related to sprout v.1 Cf. MDu. sprute, spruyte (Du. spruit, WFris. sprút), MLG. sprute, spruut, NFris. spröt, spröd.]
1. a. A shoot from a plant, root, or stump of a tree, shrub, or plant; a new growth developing from a bud into a branch, stalk, sucker, etc.
a1300E.E. Psalter lxxix. 12 He streked his pal[m]tres to þe se, And his sproutes to þe streme to be. 1602W. Fulbecke 2nd Pt. Parall. 53 If certaine sprowtes or braunches doe grow vpon the stocke, the cutting of these sprowtes or braunches or the destroying of them is wast. 1638Wilkins New World xiv. (1707) 126 The Experiment of Trees cut down which will of themselves put forth Sprouts. 1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. II. Refl. Agric. 63 The New Sprouts which shoot out at the Extremities of a Pruned Branch. a1722Lisle Husb. (1757) 376 Peach⁓trees are so difficult to be kept..if the gardener does not perfectly understand the way of cutting them, and taking their sprouts away. 1784Cowper Task iii. 528 He pinches from the second stalk A pimple, that portends a future sprout. 1849Cupples Green Hand xvi. (1856) 159 The ferny sprouts of young cocoas. 1856Olmstead Slave States 76 A large, square yard, growing full of Lombardy poplar sprouts, from the roots of eight or ten old trees.
fig.1673O. Walker Educ. viii. 68 No Nation civil or barbarous..that express not their joy and mirth by it [sc. dancing], which makes it seem a sprout of the Law of Nature. 1871R. H. Hutton Ess. (1877) I. 64 All human minds are but sprouts from the same infinite source.
b. A rudimentary shoot of a seed; the acrospire of grain.
1610Holland Camden's Brit. 485 The best barly, of which steeped in water and lying wet therein untill it spurt againe, then, after the said sprout is full come, dried and parched over a kill, they make store of mault. 1673–4Grew Anat. Pl., Anat. Trunks ii. i. (1682) 124 A Sprout from a Seed.
fig.1640Bp. Hall Episc. ii. 167 So the rest of the Churches show, what sprouts they have of the Apostolike seed.
c. pl. Young or tender shoots or side-growths of various vegetables, esp. of the cabbage-kind.
1639O. Wood Alph. Bk. Secrets 229 The juyce of young Sprowts of Nettles snuffed. 1698M. Lister Journ. Paris (1699) 150, I never saw in all the Markets once Sprouts, that is, the tender Roots of Cabages. 1712Addison Spect. No. 317 ⁋17 Dined on a Knuckle of Veal and Bacon. Mem. Sprouts wanting. 1721Bailey, Sprouts, a Sort of young Coleworts. 1726Dict. Rust., Sprouts, small shoots of old Cabbage, in Winter, when they begin to Bloom and Head. 1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 649 The roots, more especially those of the Swedish turnip,..will produce an abundance of delicate sprouts through February and March. 1858Glenny Gard. Everyday Bk. 99/2 You may now clear away all the stems and remains of cabbages that have supplied you with sprouts. 1887Amer. Naturalist XXI. 441 The tall [variety of Brussels sprouts] is quite distinct in habit and leaf from the dwarf, the former having less crowded ‘sprouts’.
d. ellipt. for Brussels sprouts (see Brussels).
1858Glenny Gard. Everyday Bk. 271 Turnips, Sprouts, Spinach, Savoys.
e. U.S. A variety of potato.
1868Rep. U.S. Commissioner Agric. (1869) 240 Michigan White Sprouts.
2. transf.
a. Something resembling a sprout in appearance, formation, or growth.
1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 22/2 An excrescence of fleshe, havinge divers small sproutes. 1822–7Good Study Med. (1829) V. 611 The tegumental laminæ..sometimes giving rise to sprouts or branches of a very grotesque appearance.
†b. A branch of a river. Obs. (Cf. sprout v.1 5.)
1794Morse Amer. Geog. 378 To build a bridge over the sprouts of Mohawk river.
3. fig.
a. Applied to persons: A scion.
1725Ramsay Gent. Sheph. i. ii, When round the ingle⁓edge young sprouts are rife. 1779J. Moore View Soc. Fr. II. l. 9 This kind of poison, being often poured upon the young sprouts of fortune and quality, gradually blasts the vigour of the plants. 1819Scott Ivanhoe xxxii, The noble Athelstane,..the last sprout of the sainted Confessor! Ibid. xlv, That resuscitated sprout of Saxon royalty. 1875Tennyson Q. Mary i. v, Then the bastard sprout, My sister, is far fairer than myself.
b. U.S. colloq. and slang. A young person, a child.
1934Jrnl. Amer. Folk-Lore Jan./Mar. 51 One time she was getting ready to go to a play-party. Some of the young sprouts were waiting for her. 1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §383/2 Child..(little or young) sprout. 1950R. Moore Candlemas Bay 24 I'm going to beat the living pickle out of this goddam sprout of mine. 1951Harper's Mag. July 36/1 A girl out your way has married..and is coming home with a sprout. 1983Verbatim IX. iii. 23/2 The young sprouts and broths of lads who feel their oats and are full of beans.
4. to put through a course of sprouts, to beat, birch, or flog; to subject to a course of severe discipline or training. U.S.
1851Mayne Reid Scalp-Hunt. ii. 15 See that he be put through a ‘regular course of sprouts’. 1858in Bartlett (1859) s.v., Any gentlemen who want to be put through the necessary course of preliminary sprouts. 1897Outing XXIX. 484/1 He put the ladies [sc. dogs] through a course of sprouts which ultimately developed brilliant..working qualities.
5. The action of sprouting or of putting forth new growths. rare.
1586T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. I. 666 Every evill (as Cicero saith) in the first sprout thereof may be easily stopped. 1824Lamb Elia ii. Blakesmoor in H―shire, All Ovid on the walls, in colours vivider than his descriptions. Actæon in mid sprout, with the unappeasable prudery of Diana.
6. Special Combs.: † sprout cauliflower, sprouting broccoli (obs.); sprout flow U.S., the first flow or flood of water sluiced into a rice-field, causing the seed to sprout; sprout-hill (see quot.); sprout-land U.S., land covered with the sprouts of trees or shrubs.
1728Bradley Dict. Bot. s.v. Brocoli, I call it in English, the Sprout Cauliflower, because the Brocoli..is the Flower stalk with the Flower bud at the End of it. 1766Museum Rust VI. 317 In wet weather these insects [sc. ants] accumulate cavernous heaps of sandy particles amongst the grass, called by the labourers, sprout-hills. 1851Thoreau Jrnl. 12 Feb. in Writings (1906) VIII. 156 It is refreshing to walk over sprout-lands, where oak and chestnut sprouts are mounting swiftly up again into the sky. 1856Olmsted Slave States 471 This is termed the ‘sprout flow’, and the water is left on the field until the seed [i.e. rice] sprouts. 1862Thoreau Excurs. (1914) 219 About the second of October, these trees [i.e. maples]..are most brilliant, though many are still green. In ‘sprout-lands’ they seem to vie with one another. 1914R. Frost North of Boston 87 A rock-strewn town where farming has fallen off, And sprout-lands flourish where the axe has gone.
▪ II. † sprout, n.2 Obs. rare.
Also sprut(t.
[? Cf. Norw. spruta (Da. blæksprutte) cuttle-fish.]
Some kind of fish.
c1340Durh. Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 36 In j sprutt et merling empt, xxjd. Ibid. 37, iiij kyling, j sprut, iijs. iijd. Ibid., xxx keling, j leng, j sprout, et vij kodeling.
▪ III. sprout, v.1|spraʊt|
Forms: α. 3 spruten, 4, 6 sprute, 6 spruit, spruyt. β. 5 sproutyn, 6–7 sproute, sprowt(e, 6– sprout.
[OE. *sprútan (cf. ásproten pa. pple.), = WFris. sprute (NFris. spröt), MDu. spruten, spruyten (Du. spruiten), MLG. spruten, MHG. spriezen (G. spriessen, † spreussen). Cf. OE. sprýtan (rare) and spryttan sprit v.1 The 16th cent. forms spruit, spruyt, are due to Du. spruiten.]
1. intr. To grow, issue, or proceed as a sprout or sprouts; to shoot forth or spring up by natural growth. Freq. in fig. context, and const. of, out of, from, etc.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 217 An ȝerd sal spruten of iesse more. c1230Hali Meid. 11 Meidenhad is te blosme þat, beo ha eanes fulliche forcoruen, ne spruteð ha neauer eft. 1535Coverdale Song Sol. iv. 13 The frutes that sproute in the, are like a very paradyse of pomgranates with swete frutes. c1572Gascoigne Fruites Warre xvii, The bough, the braunch, the tree, From which do spring and sproute such fleshlie seedes. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. iii. 60 To raine vpon Remembrance with mine Eyes, That it may grow, and sprowt, as high as Heauen. 1611Coryat Crudities 87 These vines I haue seene grow so high, that they haue sprowted cleane aboue the toppe of the tree. 1662J. Tatham Aqua Triumph. 1 A Cornu-copia out of which all sorts of Flowers seem to sprout. a1708Beveridge Priv. Th. ii. (1730) 65 If the Love of Money be the Root of so many Sins of Omission, how many Sins of Commission must needs sprout from it. 1762Foote Orator i, The luscious fruit sprouting from the apex of each of my ramifications. 1879B. Taylor Germ. Lit. 141 Verse sprouting from verse as simply as leaf from leaf. 1882Vines tr. Sachs' Bot. 282 Since the filaments which produce the antheridia and oogonia sprout from it. 1904R. Hichens Garden of Allah Prel. iv, A straggling black moustache sprouted on his upper lip.
transf.1832G. Downes Lett. Cont. Countries I. 4 A light-blue striped pair of pantaloons, sprouting from an enormous pair of wooden boots.
b. Const. with adverbs, as forth, out, up.
1530Palsgr. 730/2, I sprowte out, or spring out, as yonge floures, or buddes, or the grasse doth, je poings. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iv. viii. 228 Like as out of the great armes of trees, there commonly sprowt foorth lesse. 1626Bacon Sylva §407 That Leafe faded, but the young Buds did sprout on. 1665Hooke Microgr. 40 Neer the root of this Plant, were sprouted out several small Branches. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 293 Among their clifts..various substances sprout forward, which are either really vegetables, or the nests of insects. 1837P. Keith Bot. Lex. 92 The shoots or branches..are no sooner browsed or bitten off than an increased number of new ones begin to sprout up in their place. 1861J. R. Greene Man. Anim. Kingd., Cœlent. 171 In most Zoantharia either five or six tentacles first sprout forth.
fig.1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 210 The ruites of the Pelagian hæresie, now spruitting vpe litle and litle. 1641Milton Prel. Episc. Wks. 1851 III. 84 The warme effusion of his last blood, that sprouted up into eternall Roses to crowne his Martyrdome. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 14 From this cursed Doctrine are sprouted forth many diverse Sects. 1677A. Yarranton Eng. Improv. 22 Out of such a Bank will sprout out many Lumber houses and smaller Banks, to quicken Trade. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. ii. §23 You shall see natural and just ideas sprout forth of themselves.
transf.1870Rock Text. Fabr. 63 Gold thread sprouting up like loops.
c. Of persons: To originate or spring.
1582Stanyhurst æneis iii. (Arb.) 75 From whence [sc. Hesperus] oure auncetrye sprouted. 1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus Ded., Cham, of whome quickely sprowted that cursed race of the Cananites. a1653Gouge Comm. Heb. ii. 17 The stock whence all men sprout was most impure and unholy.
2. Of a tree, plant, seed, etc.: To put forth, throw up or out, a sprout or sprouts; to develop new growths or shoots; to bud.
a1300Cursor M. 11216 He þat þe walud wand moght ger In a night leif and fruit ber,..And in a night sua did it sprute To flur and fruit. c1440Promp. Parv. 471/1 Sproutyn, or burionyn,..pululo. 1562Turner Herbal ii. (1568) 156 Tribulus that hath the prickes in the leaues doth spruit or bud oute later. 1626Bacon Sylva §604 There be very few Creatures, that participate of the Nature of Plants, and Metalls both; Corall is one..: Another is Vitriol, for that is aptest to sprout with Moisture. 1632Sanderson Serm. 554 An egge may be hatched into a bird, and a kirnell sprowt and grow into a tree. 1765Museum Rust. IV. 288 According to the time each sort of seed may require to sprout. c1787G. White Selborne ii, The tree sprouted for a time, then withered and died. 1832H. Martineau Life in Wilds ii. 27 Robertson lets the seed fall into the ground, and it sprouts. 1847Tennyson Princ. iv. 187 But his brows Had sprouted, and the branches thereupon spread out at top. 1862Goulburn Pers. Relig. ii. (1873) 11 If a branch does not sprout, and put forth leaf and blossom in the spring, we know that it is a dead branch.
fig.1655Fuller Ch. Hist. iii. 25 Let him now get but the stump of a Crown, and with wise watering thereof, it would sprout afterwards. 1856G. H. Boker Poems, etc. (1857) II. 1 Should his money sprout and yield a thousand fold. 1878T. L. Cuyler Pointed Papers 6 The evangelist let fall the only seed that can sprout into a true regeneration.
b. Const. with adverbs, as forth, out, up.
1589R. Robinson A Golden Mirrour (Chetham Soc.) 20 Each spray was sprouted out with buds. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. 227 The Hawthorne, which upon Christmas⁓day sprouteth forth as well as in May. 1651French Distill. v. 117 Untill the Wheat begin to germinate, or to sprout forth. 1711Addison Spect. No. 98 ⁋1 Like Trees new lopped and pruned, that will certainly sprout up and flourish with greater Heads than before. 1765Museum Rust. IV. 256 The remaining part of the herb must be mowed close to the ground; after which it continueth to sprout out again. 1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 686 If they are cut off close to the collar of the plant, it will sprout out again. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 259 The young plants..are thus encouraged to sprout out.
fig.1657North's Plutarch, Add. Lives (1676) 2 The Christians being settled in Peace again, the Church began to sprout out and flourish anew. 1743J. Davidson æneid (1826) II. 135 Into so many shapes she turns herself,..with so many snakes the grim Fury sprouts up.
c. spec. To germinate, begin to grow, prematurely.
1685Rector's Bk. Clayworth (1910) 70 The Harvest was wett, wch caused our wheat to sprout. 1763Mills Pract. Husb. II. 305 The error of sowing wheat that had sprouted. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 213 Occasionally brushing off the eyes [of potatoes] if they have a tendency to sprout. 1860All Year Round No. 74. 560 To lift some corn that was sprouting in the field in consequence of wet weather. 1886Pall Mall G. 8 Nov. 2/2 Many a field of corn is sprouted which by a little more promptitude would have been saved with ease.
3. transf. Of earth, a surface, etc.: To bear, bring forth, or produce sprouts or sprout-like growths. Freq. const. with (a growth).
1591Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. Chaos 555 The Night..Moistens our Aire, and makes our Earth to sprout. 1822–7Good Study Med. (1829) I. 479 Thus the strumous modification is sometimes found to have sprouted with fungous caruncles. 1854Allingham Day & Nt. Songs, Dirty Old Man iii, The window-sills sprouted with mildewy grass. a1884T. Winthrop Love & Skates (Cent.), After a shower a meadow sprouts with the yellow buds of the dandelion.
4. trans. To cause (branches, leaves, etc.) to grow or shoot; to bear or develop, to put or throw forth or out, as sprouts.
1601Dolman La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1618) iii. 793 These mountaine Pines sprout their branches out of their roote close to the earth. 1626Bacon Sylva §585 [These trees] are more lasting than those which sprout their leaues early or shed them betimes. 1733W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farm. 198 That will cause it in a little time to sprout out a small Radicle. 1818Keats Endym. i. 14 Trees old, and young, sprouting a shady boon For simple sheep. 1827Hood Mids. Fairies ii, I..bade that bounteous season bloom again, And sprout fresh flowers in mine own domain.
b. transf. and fig.
1598Barret Theor. Warres iv. i. 120 Wealth bred their pride; their pride sprouted ambition. 1659Hammond On Ps. ciii. 5 The new or young feathers, which the old Eagle yearly sprouts out. 1684Contempl. St. Man i. v. (1699) 52 The Earth..sprouts out Miseries and Deaths even of whole Cities. 1711W. Sutherland Shipbuild. Assist. 2 How curiously their Fins are furl'd up, and again sprouted out at pleasure. 1819Lamb Elia Ser. i. On Acting of Munden, When you think he has exhausted his battery of looks,..suddenly he sprouts out an entirely new set of features, like Hydra. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xxi. iii. (1872) IX. 309 Several Lernean Hydras..getting their heads lopped off, and at the same time sprouting new ones.
†5. refl. To divide or ramify. Obs.—1
1705tr. Bosman's Guinea 426 This River sprouts it self into innumerable Branches.
6. a. To cause or induce (plants, seeds, etc.) to develop sprouts or shoots, esp. before planting or sowing them.
1770A. Hunter's Georg. Ess. (1803) I. 62, I have sprouted all kinds of grain in a variety of steeps. 1840J. Buel Farmer's Companion 248 Another mode of preventing failure..in the growth of certain seeds—and that is, by sprouting them before they are planted. 1895Outing XXVII. 18/2 The plants are sprouted within doors.
b. dial. and U.S. (See quot.)
1828Carr Craven Gloss., Sprout, to rub or break off the sprouts of potatoes. 1891in Cent. Dict.
▪ IV. sprout, v.2 Obs. exc. dial.
[Cf. Norw. and Sw. spruta, Da. sprude, in sense 1, related to LG. sprutten, sprütte (hence Da. sprutte), MHG. and G. sprützen, and perh. identical in stem with prec.]
1. trans. To send forth in a spout or gush; to spout or pour out; to squirt.
1592R. D. Hypnerotomachia 34 Her [the statue's] smal teates..did sprowt out smal streamings of pure..water. 1646J. Hall Poems i. 65 What dost thou thinke I can retaine All this and sprout it out againe? As a surcharged Whale doth spew Old Rivers to receive in new. 1886–in Lanc. and Yks. dialect use.
2. intr. To issue in a spout or gush. Also transf. of the sun: To pour down rays.
1611Cotgr., Iallir, to spurt out, sprowt vp,..as water forced out of a spout. 1614Gorges Lucan vi. 242 The wether⁓beaten paunch she cast Out of the corpes, and then at last She lets the sunne thereon to sprout. 1624Wotton Arch. 112 By the turning of a cocke, they [i.e. pipes] did sprout ouer interchangeably from side to side. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 181 Who had such abundance of milk in hir breasts, as was not only sufficient to suckle a Child, but it moreover sprouted out exuberantly. |