| 释义 |
cultivate, v.|ˈkʌltɪveɪt|
[f. cultīvāt-, ppl. stem of late (and med.)L. cultīvāre to till, (in It. coltivare, Pr. coltivar, cultivar, F. cultiver, OF. and dial. coutiver), f. late L. cultīvus (cultīva terra), characterized by being tilled, f. cultus, pa. pple. of colĕre to till, cultivate, take care of. For the form cf. captivate. In earlier use we had cultive v.]
I. lit.
1. a. trans. To bestow labour and attention upon (land) in order to the raising of crops; to till; to improve and render fertile by husbandry.
1620–55[see cultivating vbl. n.]. 1656Blount Glossogr., Cultivate, to plow or Till. 1681Otway Soldier's Fort. v. i, 'Tis a great pity so good a husbandman as you should want a farm to cultivate. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. xiii, A Country infinitely populous, but miserably cultivated. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 551 Most of the rivers of Bengal..have their banks cultivated with rice. 1838Thirlwall Greece II. 321 The Athenians returned to cultivate their fields. 1872Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 63 Gardens were cultivated by the ancient Greeks.
b. techn. To break up (ground) with a cultivator (sense 3).
1846Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. VII. ii. 288 The stubble was ploughed, and in the spring of 1842 it was manured and grubbed, or ‘cultivated’, and sown with mangold-wurzel.
2. a. To bestow labour and attention upon (a plant) so as to promote its growth; to produce or raise by tillage. Also transf. of fish, etc.
1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 193 Pot-herbs..cultivated with his daily Care. 1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 4 The Plants that Adam took Pleasure to cultivate there. 1862Cornh. Mag. V. 197 All the species of fish usually cultivated in the country. 1871R. W. Dale Commandm. ix. 231 A rose, however you cultivate it, remains a rose.
b. Biol. = culture v. c.
1888Ann. Bot. II. 373 The spores, cultivated in suitabel media, give rise..to a copiously branched and septate mycelium. 1891G. S. Woodhead Bacteria x. 195 The bacilli, when obtained pure, and cultivated in fluid, grew out into very long threads. 1910Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 15 Oct. 1381/1 Adult tissues and organs of mammals can be cultivated outside of the animal body. 1924T. S. P. Strangeways Tissue Culture in Rel. Growth i. 11 The tissues of such an embryo can be readily cultivated, even if removed as much as fourteen days after the death of the animal. 1926Proc. R. Soc. B.C. 273 If the undifferentiated limb-bud of the embryonic Fowl was cultivated in vitro, it underwent a considerable amount of progressive development. 1953Sci. Progress XLI. 212 In organ culture, complete rudiments or fragments of organs are cultivated. 1963Penso & Balducci Tissue Cultures in Biol. Res. vi. 145 Blood cells that can be most easily cultivated are macrophages or monocytes.
II. fig.
3. To improve and develop by education or training (a person, his mind, manners, faculties); to refine, to culture.
1681–6J. Scott Chr. Life (1747) III. 377 To cultivate its [a child's] Manners with good Precepts and Counsels. 1713Addison Cato i, To cultivate the wild licentious savage With wisdom, discipline, and liberal arts. 1779Burke Corr. (1844) II. 273, I have endeavoured so to cultivate my mind, that [etc.]. 1831Sir. J. Sinclair Corr. II. 348 To learn every thing to cultivate the spirit.
4. To promote the growth of, devote oneself to the advancement or development of (an art, science, sentiment, etc.); to foster.
1662Evelyn Chalcogr. A iij, That great..designe..of cultivating the Sciences, and advancing of usefull knowledge. Ibid. 32 Ye that love vertue and cultivate the sciences. 1694tr. Milton Lett. State Sept. an. 1652, How firmly we are resolv'd to cultivate..that friendship which is between your serenity and this republic. 1747Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 302 Let us be the more careful to cultivate inward religion. 1760Goldsm. Cit. W. cxvi, Though it cannot plant morals in the human breast, it cultivates them when there.
5. a. To devote one's attention to, to prosecute, follow, practise, cherish (any art, science, sentiment, habit, or pursuit, esp. with the object of acquiring it, or improving oneself in it).
1749Fielding Tom Jones iii. ii, [They] cultivate the same superstition with the Bannians in India. 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters I. Pref., Let us cultivate our own excellent language. 1862Sir B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. II. v. 167 The higher mathematics are absolutely necessary to those who cultivate..astronomy. 1863Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. v. 123 As a soldier, he cultivates bluntness.
b. Phrases. to cultivate the acquaintance, friendship, or good opinion of, cultivate relations with.
(These connect 4 and 5.)
1699Bentley Phal. 276 He had ix entire years to cultivate a Friendship with Themistocles. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) I. ii. 10 He was more solicitous to cultivate her mamma's good opinion, than hers. 1791Boswell Johnson an. 1753, He cultivated his acquaintance. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. iv. 472 A desire to cultivate the friendship of the English. 1888W. R. Carles Life in Corea i. 7 Mr. Mayers..did his utmost..to cultivate some relations with the people and officials.
c. Hence (ellipt.) to cultivate a person: to bestow attention upon him with a view to intimacy or favour; to court the acquaintance or friendship of.
1707Collier Refl. Ridic. 215 The Great honour him, cultivate him, respect him, court him. 1796Burke Lett. Noble Lord Wks. VIII. 64, I loved and cultivated him accordingly. 1870Disraeli Lothair xxxvi. 186, I..felt that he was a person I should like to cultivate. 1889Cornh. Mag. Feb., The County iv, I shall cultivate Sir Joseph.
†d. intr. Const. with. Obs.
1772F. Burney Early Diary (1889) I. 169 If my father was disposed to cultivate with the world, what a delightful acquaintance he might have! |