| 释义 |
▪ I. raisin|ˈreɪz(ə)n|
Forms: α. 3 raycin, 4–5 -syn, 4, 6–7 -son, 4, 7 -sin, (5 -sing), 6 -sen; 4, 6– raisin, 6–8 -son. β. 4 racyn, 4–6 rasyn(g, 5 rason, razin, 5–6 rasin, 6 -en. γ. 4–5 reysyn(g, (5 reyssyng), 4–6 reysin, (5 -ing), 4–7 -on, (5 -one, -oun); 4–5 reisyn, 6 -on, 6–7 reisin, 7 -en. δ. 4 resyn(g, 5–7 -on, (6 -onn); 5 reasyng, 6 -en, 7 -in, 6 reazin, 6–7 (9) reason. ε. 5 royson.
[a. OF. raiz-, razin, reis-, resin, roisin, etc. (F. raisin) = Prov. razin, razim, Sp. racimo:—pop. L. *racīm-um, L. racēm-um raceme.
The five main forms of the word are all of Fr. origin; that with oi is rare in Engl., but is the base of G. rosine, Du. rozijn, Da. rosin, Sw. russin. The pron. |ˈriːz(ə)n| remained current after the spelling reason had been dropped, and is still defended by Webster in 1828 (cf. quot. 1807 in 2 δ); Sheridan, however, gives |ˈreɪz(ə)n| in 1789.]
†1.
a. A cluster of grapes; a grape. Obs.
1382Wyclif Lev. xix. 10 Ne in thi vyne ȝeerd the reysonus and cornes fallynge down thow shalt not gedere. c1400Mandeville (1839) xv. 168 The peper growethe, in maner, as dothe a wylde Vyne{ddd}and the Fruyt thereof hangethe in manere as Reysynges. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop iv. i, A foxe..beheld the raysyns that grew vpon a hyghe vyne. 1614Raleigh Hist. World i. (1634) 103 The fruit of the Vine or Raysin, did not grow naturally in that part of Armenia.
†b. = raisin-grape (see 3). Obs. rare—1.
1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 76 Of trees or fruites to be set or remooued..20 Respis. 21 Reisons.
2. a. A grape partially dried, either in the sun or by artificial means. (Chiefly pl.)
α [1278Durh. Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 486 In..ficubus, Raycinys, et novem lagenis vini.] 13..Coer de L. 1549 Off froyt here is gret plenté! Fyggys, raysyns, in frayel. c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 74 Old wyn and swete raysyns. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1539) 20, Raysons do make the stomake firme and strong. 1616B. Jonson Devil an Ass ii. i, Is not that strange, Sr, to make wine of raisins? 1651Jer. Taylor Serm. for Year i. vii. 81 A man is..so exposed to calamity, that a raisin is able to kill him. 1703Lond. Gaz. No. 3971/4 Their Cargoes, consisting of..Brandys, Prunes, Raisons. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 123 A sweet drink composed of water with raisins.
βc1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordship 77 Seuyn dragmes of pressyd rasynges. c1450Mirour Saluacioun 1771 Figes, Razines and Nuttes and apples. 1536MS. Acc. St. John's Hosp., Canterb., Payd for a pound of Rasens iijd. 1551Turner Herbal (1568) ii. 144 The frayles..that figges and rasines are carried better in.
γ13..K. Alis. 5193 It wil al fruyt ete, Applen, noten, reisyns, and whete. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 245 Vse in this tymes..fygis, datis, and reysyns. 1596J. Smythe in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 90 To suppe..with bread and reysins.
δ [1348–9Durh. Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 549 In duabus libr. de Resyns sanz pepyn.] 14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 621/8 Vua passa, resonn. 1544in R. G. Marsden Sel. Pl. Crt. Adm. (1894) I. 127 Venturyn..ladyth ij butts saying therein to be reasens of Damask. 1645Howell Lett. lix. (1650) 241 With Figs and Reasons allur'd litill Children. [1807H. J. Pye Comm. Commentators Shaks. 225 Reason and raisin..are pronounced alike in the age of George the Third, by every person who speaks without affectation.]
†b. great raisins, the dried fruit of the common vine, as distinguished from small raisins = raisins of Corinth (see currant 1 a). Obs.
c1420Liber Cocorum 16 Sethe þenne oþer raysyns grete In rede wyne. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 33 Þen caste þer-to Roysonys of Coraunce, Dates y-talid, grete Roysonys. 1485Inv. in Ripon Ch. Acts (Surtees) 366 In small reasynges, 1½d. 1584Cogan Haven of Health cvii. (1612) 95 Great Raysons, and small Raysons, otherwise called Corans. 1598Epulario B iij b, Take a few small Reasons and an Onion.
c. raisins of the sun, sun-dried grapes.
1544T. Phaer Regim. Lyfe (1553) I vj b, A litle quantitie of raisins of the sunne. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 166 Currants and Reysons of the Sun are likewise very good [in Scurvy]. 1780J. T. Dillon Trav. Spain 376 The raisins of the sun..are still more delicate. 1841Penny Cycl. XIX. 274/1 Muscatels, blooms,..raisins of the sun.
d. The dark purplish-brown colour of raisins.
1909Westm. Gaz. 4 Sept. 3/2 The long-suffering mole is to find serious rivals in coal-dust grey, elephant's breath, and a purplish black called raisin. 1927Daily Express 7 Mar. 6 (Advt.), Light mulberry, new blue, raisin, rosewood. 1971Guardian 7 Sept. 9/1 A choice of colours: greengage,..fig, raisin, grape, black.
3. attrib. and Comb., as raisin-brandy, raisin bread, raisin brew, raisin cake, † raisin-frail, raisin-grape, raisin pudding, raisin-vine, raisin-wine; raisin-coloured adj.; raisin-tree (see quots.).
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., *Raisin brandy,..a very clean and pure spirit, obtained from raisins.
1902A. Bennett Anna of Five Towns xii. 316 The delicacies which differentiate high tea from tea..hot toast, sardines with tomatoes, *raisin-bread, currant bread [etc.]. 1965W. R. Harding Days of Henry Thoreau x. 183 Thoreau experimented frequently with his bread making and soon learned that an unleavened variety was the simplest. When he added raisins to the dough, it was said that he became the inventor of raisin bread. 1980A. Auswaks Trick of Diamonds iii. 80 Toasted raisin bread and butter.
1919H. Crane Let. 27 Dec. (1965) 28, I got dreadfully drunk on dreadful *raisin brew. Ibid. 29 This fellow of the raisin brew is another poor soul like myself, in Akron exile from N.Y.
1907Yesterday's Shopping (1969) p. lii/1 *Raisin cakes. 1973M. Amis Rachel Papers 83 Two kinds of sandwiches, raisin cake, sliced ham, unlimited tea.
1939Spender & Gili tr. Lorca's Poems 47 *Raisin-coloured shoes.
1669Evelyn Vintage (1675) 48 Putting the cluster into a *raisin-frail or bag of hair-cloth.
1676Worlidge Cyder (1691) 225 The *Raisin-grape is a large and long grape. 1767J. Abercrombie Ev. Man his own Gard. (1803) 674/2 Tokay, red, white, Alexandrian, Raisin [Grapes]. 1883Cheltenham Examiner Suppl. 19 Sept. 1/3 Berries and apricots often yield still more profit to the acre than raisin grapes.
1767J. Woodforde Diary 24 July (1924) I. 64, I gave them a fine ham..and a good rich *raisin pudding. 1861Mrs. Beeton Bk. Househ. Managem. 671 (heading) Baked raisin pudding (plain and economical).
1548Turner Names Herbes (E.D.S.) 86 Rhibes..is called in some places of Englande a *Rasin tree. 1887Nicholson Dict. Gardening, Raisin-tree, Japanese, a common name for Hovenia dulcis.
1597Gerarde Herbal ii. cccxxiii. (1633) 875 We may call it in English *Raisin Vine. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 234 Cluster Grape, Parsley, Raisin [Vines].
1723J. Nott Cook's & Confectioner's Dict. sig. Ffiv (heading) To make *raisin wine. 1769Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 319 To make Smyrna Raisin Wine. 1845E. Acton Mod. Cookery xxvi. 541 Raisin Wine. 1976‘Trevanian’ Main (1977) viii. 165 The proprietor of the Greek restaurant..keeps refilling her glass with raisin wine.
▪ II. raisin
variant of rasen, wall-plate. |